Time perception is not for the faint-hearted? Physiological arousal does not influence duration categorisation

Dormal, Valérie; Heeren, Alexandre; Pesenti, Mauro; Maurage, Pierre

doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0852-3

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The temporal distortion induced by physical activity is in line with previous reports ( Lambourne, 2012 ; Schwarz et al, 2013 ; Dormal et al, 2018 ; Behm and Carter, 2020 ; Petrizzo et al, 2022 ). However, in the study by Dormal et al (2018) , the authors conclude that the temporal distortion is not strictly related to physical activity per se but linked to other uncontrolled attentional or mnestic factors. This result is confirmed by other studies showing how perception ( Mather et al, 2016 ), and even temporal perception ( Gable et al, 2016 ), can be altered by the participant’s emotional state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the 6 months before the study, participants reported performing at least 2–3 h of sports per week. To estimate the sample size, we took as reference the results obtained by Dormal et al (2018) in the ANOVA ran in the interaction between factors duration and block ( η 2 = 0.491). Using software G*power ( Faul et al, 2007 ), we calculated the sample size we would need to use a two-way ANOVA, considering a significance level of α = 0.05 and power of (1− β ) = 0.95.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies cannot disentangle the effect of exercise from other concurrent factors, such as heart rate modulation ( Hawkes et al, 1962 ; Jamin et al, 2004 ; Schwarz et al, 2013 ), arousal ( Dormal et al, 2018 ), and movement rhythmicity, which can influence the internal clock rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate physical activity alters the estimation of time, but not space

2022

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Moderate physical activity can influence cognitive functions and visual cortical activity. However, little is known about the effects of exercise on fundamental perceptual domains, such as spatial and temporal representation. Here we tackled this issue by testing the impact of physical activity on a temporal estimation task in a group of adult volunteers in three different conditions: (1) in a resting condition (baseline), (2) during moderate physical activity (cycling in place – PA), and (3) approximately 15 to 20 min following the physical activity phase, in which participants were seated and returned to a regular heart rate (POST). We show that physical activity specifically impacts time perception, inducing a consistent overestimation for durations in the range of milliseconds. Notably, the effect persisted in the POST session, ruling out the main contribution of either heart rate or cycling rhythmicity. In a control experiment, we found that spatial perception (distance estimation) was unaffected by physical activity, ruling out a major contribution of arousal and fatigue to the observed temporal distortion. We speculate that physical exercise might alter temporal estimation either by up-regulating the dopaminergic system or modulating GABAergic inhibition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate physical activity alters the estimation of time, but not space

2022

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“…It is important to note that this effect has a multiplicative property ( Zakay and Block, 1997 ); time distortion increases as the length of the stimulus duration increases. It can be hypothesized that exercise-induced arousal produces this effect, causing time distortion during exercise ( Dormal et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Time Perception Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise-Related Factors on the Perception of Time

Behm

Carter

2020

Front. Physiol.

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The concept of time whether considered through the lenses of physics or physiology is a relative measure. Alterations in time perception can have serious implications in sport, fitness and work. Accurate perception of time is an important skill with many time constrained sports (i.e., basketball, North American football, tennis, gymnastics, figure skating, ice hockey, and others), and work environments (i.e., workers who need to synchronize their actions such as police and military). In addition, time distortions may play a role in exercise adherence. Individuals may be disinclined to continue with healthy, exercise activities that seem protracted (time dilation). Two predominant theories (scalar expectancy theory and striatal beat frequency model) emphasize the perception of the number of events in a period and the role of neurotransmitters in activating and coordinating cortical structures, respectively. A number of factors including age, sex, body temperature, state of health and fitness, mental concentration and exercise intensity level have been examined for their effect on time perception. However, with the importance of time perception for work, sport and exercise, there is limited research on this area. Since work, sports, and exercise can involve an integration of many of these aforementioned factors, they are interventions that need further investigations. The multiplicity of variables involved with work, sport, and exercise offer an underdeveloped but fruitful field for future research. Thus, the objective of this review was to examine physiological and psychological factors affecting human perception of time and the mechanisms underlying time perception and distortion with activity.

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Psychophysiological stress influences temporal accuracy

et al. 2023

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Distortions of duration perception are often observed in response to highly arousing stimuli, but the exact mechanisms that evoke these variations are still under debate. Here, we investigate the effect of induced physiological arousal on time perception. Thirty-eight university students (22.89 ± 2.5; 28 females) were tested with spontaneous finger-tapping tasks and a time bisection task (with stimuli between 300 and 900 ms). Before the time bisection task, half of the participants (STRESS group) performed a stress-inducing task, i.e., the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), whereas the other participants (CONTROL group) performed a control task, the Paced Auditory Number Reading Task (PANRAT). The PASAT induced a greater heart rate, but not electrodermal, increase, as well as a more unpleasant and arousing state compared to the PANRAT. Moreover, although the two groups presented a similar performance at the finger-tapping tasks, participants in the STRESS group showed better temporal performance at the time bisection task (i.e., lower constant error) than the controls. These results indicate that psychophysiological stress may alter the subsequent perception of time.

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Time perception is not for the faint-hearted? Physiological arousal does not influence duration categorisation

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Moderate physical activity alters the estimation of time, but not space

Moderate physical activity alters the estimation of time, but not space

Effect of Exercise-Related Factors on the Perception of Time

Psychophysiological stress influences temporal accuracy

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