Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

DiMarco, Emily; Sadibolova, Renata; Jiang, Angela; Liebenow, Brittany; Jones, Rachel; Haq, Ihtsham; Siddiqui, Mustafa S.; Terhune, Devin Blair; Kishida, Kenneth T.

doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530411

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…This work thus may provide an analytic approach that could be harnessed in computational factor modelling, whereby factor analytic and computational modelling approaches are integrated in attempts to characterise symptom heterogeneity in clinical and non-clinical samples (Wise et al, 2023). In particular, we expect that this method could inform future research on distortions in time perception in response to pharmacological agents (e.g., (Sadibolova et al, 2023;Wittmann et al, 2007;Yanakieva et al, 2019) and in psychiatric and neurological disorders (Bschor et al, 2004;DiMarco et al, 2023;Thoenes & Oberfeld, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the latent structure of human time perception

Sadibolova¹,

Widmer²,

Fletcher³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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One of the ongoing controversies in interval timing concerns whether human time perception is subserved by multiple distinct mechanisms. The crux of this debate concerns whether timing over subsecond and suprasecond intervals can be attributed to a single semi-uniform mechanism or requires distinct or interacting mechanisms. Whereas past studies provide some valuable insights, our study overcomes previous limitations by adopting multiple convergent statistical approaches in a design with strong statistical power. We conducted two large online experiments in which participants reproduced temporal intervals ranging from 400 to 2400ms (Experiment 1; N=302) and 1000 to 2000ms (Experiment 2; N=302). We contrasted the application of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (ESEM; bifactor analysis) to distinguish different latent structures underlying duration reproduction patterns and compared model results against the results from subject-level changepoint analyses. In both experiments, the bifactor analysis model was the most parsimonious and best-fitting. This analysis yielded evidence for a two-factor model comprising a general timing factor spanning the full interval range and a second factor that quadratically scaled relative to middle intervals, which may reflect a Bayesian mechanism subserving the central tendency bias (reproduced intervals regressed to the mean of stimulus interval range). We observed a low proportion of changepoints in median reproduced intervals with the changepoint detection predicted by factor scores. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate concerning the mechanisms in millisecond-to-second interval range and highlight the role of central tendency effects in investigating the changepoint and therefore the nature of continuity between timing systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the latent structure of human time perception

Sadibolova¹,

Widmer²,

Fletcher³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…S1; 1 channel, 1 patient, excluded to focus analyses on caudate region). Briefly, the FSCV measurement protocol is the same as previously reported in humans: hold working electrode at -0.6V for 90ms, ramp to +1.4 V and back to -0.6V at 400 V/s, and repeat, for an overall electrochemical sampling rate of 10 Hz frequency reported ( 23 , 24 , 63 , 28–33 , 38 , 62 ). The resulting raw electrochemical current was measured at a sampling rate of 250kHz, thus providing a raw 10ms voltammogram (2500 samples at 250KHz).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes implications for metacognition, reinforcement learning, reward processing, and understanding neurological and psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, addiction disorders and impulse control that involve aberrant dopamine functioning ( 66 , 67 ). For example, recent research indicates that heterogeneity in PD symptoms may be accounted for by differences in time perception, with implications for understanding dopaminergic mechanisms in time perception and PD symptomatology ( 38 ). These insights are crucial for developing nuanced treatment approaches and enhancing our comprehension of the complex interplay between dopamine, time perception, and human cognition.…”

Section: Elevated Phasic Dopamine Concentrations Are Associated With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants Six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (2 females, 4 males) between the ages of 62 and 73 years (MAge=67.7, SD=4.5) participated in this study during DBS surgery. For behavioural analyses only, we additionally included a sample of 17 healthy controls (7 females, 10 males, aged 50-66; MAge=57.5, SD=5.0) from a prior study (38), with no psychiatric or neurological conditions. We excluded 3 patients with a psychiatric diagnosis.…”

Section: New Insights Into the Role Of Dopamine In Time Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seventeen healthy controls from a separate study ( 38 ) and six patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery completed a visual temporal bisection task ( 39 ). All participants first learned two anchor intervals (500ms and 1,100ms) before judging whether specific intervals (of varying durations between 500ms and 1,100ms) were closer in duration to the short or long anchor interval.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sub-second and multi-second dopamine dynamics underlie variability in human time perception

Sadibolova,

DiMarco,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Timing behaviour and the perception of time are fundamental to cognitive and emotional processes in humans. In non-human model organisms, the neuromodulator dopamine has been associated with variations in timing behaviour, but the connection between variations in dopamine levels and the human experience of time has not been directly assessed. Here, we report how dopamine levels in human striatum, measured with sub-second temporal resolution during awake deep brain stimulation surgery, relate to participants perceptual judgements of time intervals. Fast, phasic, dopaminergic signals were associated with underestimation of temporal intervals, whereas slower, tonic, decreases in dopamine were associated with poorer temporal precision. Our findings suggest a delicate and complex role for the dynamics and tone of dopaminergic signals in the conscious experience of time in humans.

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Expected reward value and reward prediction errors reinforce but also interfere with human time perception

DiMarco,

Shipp,

Kishida

2024

Preprint

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Time perception is often investigated in animal models and in humans using instrumental paradigms where reinforcement learning (RL) and associated dopaminergic processes have modulatory effects. For example, interval timing, which includes the judgment of relatively short intervals of time (ranging from milliseconds to minutes), has been shown to be modulated by manipulations of striatal dopamine. The expected value of reward (EV) and reward prediction errors (RPEs) are key variables described in RL-theory that explain dopaminergic signals during reward processing during instrumental learning. Notably, the underlying connection between RL-processes and time perception in humans is relatively underexplored. Herein, we investigated the impact of EV and RPEs on interval timing in humans. We tested the hypotheses that EV and RPEs modulate the experience of short time intervals. We demonstrate that expectations of monetary gains or losses increases the initial performance error for 1000ms intervals. Temporal learning over repeated trials is observed with accelerated learning of non-reinforced 1000ms intervals; however, RPEs, specifically about rewards and not punishments, appear to reinforce performance errors, which effectively interferes with the rate at which (reinforced) 1000ms intervals were learned. These effects were not significant for 3000ms and 5000ms intervals. Our results demonstrate that EV and RPEs influence human behavior about 1000ms time intervals. We discuss our results considering model-free temporal difference RL-theory, which suggests the hypothesis that interval timing may be mediated by dopaminergic signals that reinforce the learning and prediction of dynamic state- transitions which could be encoded without an explicit reference to "time" intervals.

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Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Uncovering the latent structure of human time perception

Uncovering the latent structure of human time perception

Sub-second and multi-second dopamine dynamics underlie variability in human time perception

Expected reward value and reward prediction errors reinforce but also interfere with human time perception

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