Time Perspective Theory: The Introduction

Stolarski, Maciej; Fieulaine, Nicolas; Beek, Wessel van

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_1

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Individual differences in time perspective have been explored in relation to a number of psychological constructs and behaviours, across a range of life domains. 14 For example, a future time perspective (ie, the tendency to consider the future implications of present decisions and actions) has been associated with a variety of health-protective behaviours (eg, physical activity and healthy eating 15 ), greater academic achievement, 16 more responsible financial behaviours (eg, regular saving 17 ) and pro-environmental behaviours (eg, water conservation 18 ). In contrast, a present time perspective (ie, the tendency to make decisions and engage in behaviours that satisfy immediate needs and desires) has been associated with health risk behaviours (eg, substance use 15 ), lower academic achievement, 19 pathological gambling 20 and risky driving.…”

Section: Time Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, articles cited in the appendix of a recently published book, Time perspective theory; review, research and application , 14 and articles listed on the reference page of the Time Perspective Network website ( http://www.timeperspective.net/ ) will be reviewed for inclusion. Third, abstract booklets from the three International Conferences on Time Perspective that have been held to date will be screened for unpublished and published articles.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes, abilities and outcomes: a protocol for a meta-analytical review

et al. 2017

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IntroductionBoth theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that time perspective is likely to influence self-regulatory processes and outcomes. Despite the theoretical and practical significance of such relations, the relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes and outcomes across different measures, samples and life domains, including health, has yet to be explored.Methods and analysisThe proposed review will develop a taxonomy for classifying measures according to the self-regulatory process, ability or outcome that they are likely to reflect. Electronic scientific databases will be searched, along with relevant conference abstract booklets and citation lists. Additionally, a call for unpublished data will be submitted to relevant bodies. To be eligible for inclusion, studies must include a measure of time perspective and a measure of at least one self-regulatory process, ability and/ or outcome. Eligibility will not be restricted by publication date, language, type of sample or setting. The bivariate correlations will be extracted (or calculated) and submitted to a random-effects meta-analysis. The sample-weighted average effect size, heterogeneity, risk of bias and publication bias will be calculated, and the effects of categorical and continuous moderator variables on the effect sizes will be determined.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed meta-analysis will synthesise previously conducted research; thus, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal and reported as part of the first authorâ€™s PhD thesis. The findings will also be disseminated to the research community and, where appropriate, to other interested parties through presentations at relevant academic and non-academic conferences.

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Section: Time Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes, abilities and outcomes: a protocol for a meta-analytical review

et al. 2017

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“…Temporal orientation refers to relatively stable individual differences in the relative emphasis one places on the past, present, or future ( Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999 ). Temporal orientation has been widely examined in relation to personality traits (e.g., Zhang and Howell, 2011 ), academic outcomes (e.g., Horstmanshof and Zimitat, 2007 ), risky behaviors (e.g., Daughterty and Brase, 2010 ), and health outcomes (see Stolarski et al, 2015 for reviews). Temporal orientation is usually assessed with surveys, such as the Zimbardo Time Preference Inventory (ZPTI; Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999 ) and Balanced Time Perspective Scale (BTPS; Webster, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversational Time Travel: Evidence of a Retrospective Bias in Real Life Conversations

2018

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We examined mental time travel reflected onto individuals’ utterances in real-life conversations using a naturalistic observation method: Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR, a portable audio recorder that periodically and unobtrusively records snippets of ambient sounds and speech). We introduced the term conversational time travel and examined, for the first time, how much individuals talked about their personal past versus personal future in real life. Study 1 included 9,010 sound files collected from 51 American adults who carried the EAR over 1 weekend and were recorded every 9 min for 50 s. Study 2 included 23,103 sound files from 33 young and 48 healthy older adults from Switzerland who carried the EAR for 4 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend, counterbalanced). 30-s recordings occurred randomly throughout the day. We developed a new coding scheme for conversational time travel: We listened to all sound files and coded each file for whether the participant was talking or not. Those sound files that included participant speech were also coded in terms of their temporal focus (e.g., past, future, present, time-independent) and autobiographical nature (i.e., about the self, about others). We, first, validated our coding scheme using the text analysis tool, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Next, we compared the percentages of past- and future-oriented utterances about the self (to tap onto conversational time travel). Results were consistent across all samples and showed that participants talked about their personal past two to three times as much as their personal future (i.e., retrospective bias). This is in contrast to research showing a prospective bias in thinking behavior, based on self-report and experience-sampling methods. Findings are discussed in relation to the social functions of recalling the personal past (e.g., sharing memories to bond with others, to update each other, to teach, to give advice) and to the directive functions of future-oriented thought (e.g., planning, decision making, goal setting that are more likely to happen privately in the mind). In sum, the retrospective bias in conversational time travel seems to be a functional and universal phenomenon across persons and across real-life situations.

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“…An ideal profile of a balanced time perspective ( balanced TP ) can be derived from the five dimensions of the ZTPI, which contains high scores on the past-positive time perspective, moderately high scores on the future and the present-hedonistic time perspective, and low scores on the past-negative and the present-fatalistic time perspective ( Zimbardo and Boyd, 2010 ). In this approach the deviation from the balanced time perspective ( DBTP ) is as measure of how much an individual's empirical values across the five dimensions differ from this ideal value ( Stolarski et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Referring specifically to the five dimensions of the ZTPI ( Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999 ; see the Glossary), one could define a balanced time perspective (balanced TP; see the Glossary) as scoring moderately high on the future and the present-hedonistic dimension and with high scores on the past-positive dimension. A balanced TP is also related to low scores on the past-negative and on the present-fatalistic dimensions ( Boniwell and Zimbardo, 2004 ; Stolarski et al., 2015 ; Zimbardo and Boyd, 2010 ) and is negatively associated with the future-negative dimension ( Wiberg et al., 2012 ). In essence, someone with a balanced time perspective has the propensity to switch flexibly among the time orientations of past, present, and future.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispositional orientation to the present and future and its role in pro-environmental behavior and sustainability

Wittmann

Sircova²

2018

Heliyon

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With our attitudes and behavior, which aim at promoting sustainable behavior, we face a temporal dilemma – a temporal conflict between short-term and long-term interests. Accordingly, psychological time is an essential variable in understanding how people decide between options of short-term self-interest, which can be experienced at present, and long-term common interest, such as sustainable development with an outcome that lies far in the future. Present feelings are often so powerful that considerations of future events are neglected. Individuals differ in their emphasis on present and future dimensions. A stronger future orientation and a mindful present orientation are positive predictors of sustainable behavior; hedonistic and impulsive present orientations are negative predictors. We discuss the concept of the balanced time perspective as the propensity to consciously switch among the time orientations of past, present, and future. Fitting with their overall psychological profile, individuals with a balanced time perspective might display a range of sustainable attitudes and behaviors.

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Time Perspective Theory: The Introduction

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

The relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes, abilities and outcomes: a protocol for a meta-analytical review

The relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes, abilities and outcomes: a protocol for a meta-analytical review

Conversational Time Travel: Evidence of a Retrospective Bias in Real Life Conversations

Dispositional orientation to the present and future and its role in pro-environmental behavior and sustainability

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