Time Pressure and In-group Favoritism in a Minimal Group Paradigm

Maeda, Kaede; Hashimoto, Hirofumi

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603117

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…One possible explanation is that individuals’ prosocial decision-making depends on who they interact with. For example, Maeda and Hashimoto (2020) found that although individuals may be intuitive cooperators, they tended to act more cooperatively with their in-group members than with out-group members. However, on the other hand, the results showed that the impact of RSA reactivity on the amount of third-party punishment was still influenced by social value orientation (i.e., prosocial or self-orientation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

et al. 2022

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Acute stress is believed to lead to prosocial behaviors via a “tend-and-befriend” pattern of stress response. However, the results of the effect of acute stress on prosocial behavior are inconsistent. The current study explores the moderating effect of gender and social value orientation on the relationship between acute stress and individuals’ pure prosocial behaviors (i.e., pure prosociality and prosocial third-party punishment). Specifically, eighty-one participants were selected and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (or were in the control group), followed by the third-party punishment task and the dictator game. The results showed that, in general, the main effect of condition or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity on individual prosocial behaviors was significant and did not vary between genders. Furthermore, social value orientation (i.e., prosocial or self-orientation) might moderate the impact of RSA reactivity on the amount of punishment in the third-party punishment task. That is, individuals with self-orientation exhibited more prosocial third-party punishment as RSA reactivity decreased, while the effect did not occur for individuals with prosocial orientation. Taken together, the findings of the current study provide further evidence for the “tend-and-befriend” hypothesis and highlight the underlying physical mechanisms as well as the individual dependence of the effect of psychosocial stress on individuals’ pure prosocial behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

et al. 2022

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“…Second, future research should focus on the people they cooperate with, or what kind of social exchange is assumed by the decision-makers. The possibility that people intuitively process information in a way that aims for mutual cooperation has been pointed out before: the possibility that intuitive mutual cooperation may work as an adaptive strategy to the general exchange system within a group (e.g., Yamagishi et al, 2007) or that intuitive cooperation may work only for members of an ingroup (Maeda & Hashimoto, 2020). Finally, the present study examined the difference in cooperation rates through experimental manipulations with a transformed matrix, and although the results did not support our hypothesis, the robustness of our results needs to be confirmed by simultaneous manipulation of decision time and interaction partners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperators Pay More Attention to the Outcome of Mutual Cooperation in the One-Shot Prisoner’s Dilemma Game: Empirical Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study

Maeda

Hashimoto²,

Tanida

2023

Lett Evol Behav Sci

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Based on the dual-process theory, we hypothesized that cooperators in the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game would exhibit intuitive decision-making. We also hypothesized that an experimental manipulation that may prevent intuitive cooperation (in this study, inverting the payoff matrix) would result in more protracted decision-making and thus lower cooperation rates. To examine these hypotheses, we designed an experiment using an eye-tracking device. In one condition, the outcome of mutual cooperation in the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game was presented in the upper left-hand corner explaining the result of mutual cooperation first, as in many previous studies (control condition). To suppress the function of intuitive cooperation, we also set the inverted payoff matrix condition in which the positions of the outcomes of mutual cooperation and mutual non-cooperation in the payoff matrix were inverted, explaining the result of mutual non-cooperation first. Although our results did not show the expected differences between the two conditions, it was suggested that cooperators’ decision-making time was shorter in the control condition and that cooperators consistently paid more attention to the outcome of mutual cooperation regardless of the conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the intuitive cooperation model and the social exchange heuristic.

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“…Second, a similar three-way interaction showed a medium effect size (partial η 2 = 0.06) in our recent work [ 4 ] when two groups each contain 25 participants. Finally, previous behaviour research on fairness norm enforcement had a similar sample size per condition [ 46 , 47 ]. All participants were right-handed and did not report any psychiatric or neurological disorders.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ingroup Identification on Ingroup Favouritism during Fairness Norm Enforcement

Zhang

et al. 2022

Behavioral Sciences

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People tend to voluntarily sacrifice their own interests to reject unfair proposals, and this behaviour is affected by group affiliation. While group bias is a well-established phenomenon, its direction is still unclear, and little attention has been given to possible moderating factors. In two studies, we manipulate participants’ ingroup identification and investigate whether and how individuals with various levels of ingroup identification react differently to unfairness from ingroups and outgroups during an incentivized (Study 1, N = 46) and hypothetical (Study 2, N = 332) ultimatum game. The results show that participants display a strong preference for their own group. High identifiers tend to accept unfair proposals from ingroups compared to outgroups, whereas this effect is nonsignificant for low identifiers, especially for moderately unfair treatment (offer 7:3). Moreover, higher identification tends to be accompanied by higher ingroup positive expectation, which then leads to greater ingroup favouritism for an offer of 7:3. These results imply that ingroup identification can enhance group favouritism during fairness norm enforcement through ingroup positive expectation.

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Time Pressure and In-group Favoritism in a Minimal Group Paradigm

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

Cooperators Pay More Attention to the Outcome of Mutual Cooperation in the One-Shot Prisoner’s Dilemma Game: Empirical Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study

Effects of Ingroup Identification on Ingroup Favouritism during Fairness Norm Enforcement

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