Time Relationships between Direct Particle Emission and Fragmentation: A Probe for Nuclear Expansion Prior to Fragment Freeze-Out

Gelderloos, C. J.; Alexander, J.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Bauge, E.; Elmaani, A.; Ethvignot, T.; Kowalski, L.; Lacey, R.; Brandan, M.E.; Giorni, A.; Heuer, D.; Kox, S.; Lléres, A.; Menchaca‐Rocha, A.; Merchez, F.; Rebreyend, D.; Viano, J.B.; Chambon, B.; Cheynis, B.; Drain, D.; Pastor, C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.3082

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When the two terms in the asymptotic form of the kernel (30) are integrated over full spherical angle, those terms exactly cancel, reflecting the fact that, for a short-range interaction, the particles which are shadowed for cos θ qr = −1 reappear at other angles at the same magnitude of relative momentum. Consequently, the ℓ = 0 coefficient for the 1/r 2 asymptotic fall-off in (32) vanishes, implying that the K 0 kernel from (31) vanishes faster than 1/r 2 as r → ∞. These results may be contrasted with what is found for the Coulomb interactions.…”

Section: Kernels For Short-range Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analyzing correlation functions with tesseral and Cartesian spherical harmonics

Danielewicz

Pratt

2007

Phys. Rev. C

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The dependence of inter-particle correlations on the orientation of particle relative-momentum can yield unique information on the space-time features of emission in reactions with multiparticle final states. In the present paper, the benefits of a representation and analysis of the three-dimensional correlation information in terms of surface spherical harmonics is presented. The harmonics include the standard complex tesseral harmonics and the real cartesian harmonics. Mathematical properties of the lesser-known cartesian harmonics are illuminated. The physical content of different angular harmonic components in a correlation is described. The resolving power of different final-state effects with regarding to determining angular features of emission regions is investigated. The considered final-state effects include identity interference and strong and Coulomb interactions. The correlation analysis in terms of spherical harmonics is illustrated with the cases of gaussian and blast-wave sources for proton-charged meson and baryon-baryon pairs.

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Section: Kernels For Short-range Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analyzing correlation functions with tesseral and Cartesian spherical harmonics

Danielewicz

Pratt

2007

Phys. Rev. C

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“…We note that although the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy influences significantly the ordering of neutron and proton average emission times, it has only a weak effect on that for tritons and 3 He. Experimentally, the particle emission sequence can be studied from the correlation functions of non-identical particles using various energy cuts [77,78,88,90]. In standard Koonin-Pratt formalism [91,92,93], the two-particle correlation function is obtained by convoluting the emission function g(p, x), i.e., the probability for emitting a particle with momentum p from the spacetime point x = (r, t), with the relative wave function of the two interacting particles, i.e.,…”

Section: Tritons Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light cluster production in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei

Chen¹,

Ko²,

Li³

2003

Nuclear Physics A

140

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The coalescence model based on nucleon distribution functions from an isospin-dependent transport model is used to study the production of deuteron, triton, and 3 He from heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei at intermediate energies. It is found that the emission time of these light clusters depends on their masses. For clusters with same momentum per nucleon, heavier ones are emitted earlier. Both the yield and energy spectrum of light clusters are sensitive to the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy, with more light clusters produced in the case of a stiff symmetry energy. On the other hand, effects due to the stiffness of the isoscalar part of nuclear equation of state and the medium dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross sections on light cluster production are unimportant. We have also studied the correlation functions of clusters, and they are affected by the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy as well, with the stiff symmetry energy giving a stronger anti-correlation of light clusters, particularly for those with large kinetic energies. Dependence of light cluster production on the centrality and incident energy of heavy ion collisions as well as the mass of the reaction system is also investigated.

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“…Particle-particle correlations [23][24][25], velocity correlations [26][27][28][29], fission fragment angular distributions [30], and Coulomb proximity affects [21,22,[31][32][33] have been used in attempts to extract information on the emission time of fragments. The proximity of the PLF and TLF to the midrapidity LCPs can be exploited to provide information on their emission time since particles emitted at early stages in the reaction will feel an increased Coulomb potential due to the increased proximity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations with projectile-like fragments and emission order of light charged particles

et al. 2012

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Correlations of midrapidity light charged particles (LCPs) and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) with projectile-like fragments (PLFs) have been examined from the 35 MeV/u 70 Zn + 70 Zn, 64 Zn + 64 Zn, and 64 Ni + 64 Ni reaction systems. A new method was developed to examine the flow of the particles with respect to the PLF. The invariant PLF-scaled flow allowed for the dynamics of the midrapidity Z = 1-4 particles to be studied. Strong differences in the PLF-scaled flow were observed between the different isotopes. In particular, the most n-rich LCPs exhibited a negative PLF-scaled flow in comparison to the other LCPs. A classical molecular dynamics model and a three-body Coulomb trajectory simulation were both used to show that the PLF-scaled flow observable could be connected to the average order of emission of the LCPs. The experimental results suggest that the midrapidity region is preferentially populated with neutron-rich LCPs and Z = 3-4 IMFs at a relatively early stage in the collision. The deuteron and 3 He particles are emitted later followed, lastly, by protons and alphas. The average order of emission of the midrapidity LCPs was extracted from the constrained molecular dynamics simulations and showed good agreement with the emission order suggested by the experimental PLF-scaled flow results.

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Time Relationships between Direct Particle Emission and Fragmentation: A Probe for Nuclear Expansion Prior to Fragment Freeze-Out

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Analyzing correlation functions with tesseral and Cartesian spherical harmonics

Analyzing correlation functions with tesseral and Cartesian spherical harmonics

Light cluster production in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei

Correlations with projectile-like fragments and emission order of light charged particles

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