Time-resolved dual-beam two-photon interferences with high visibility

Brendel, J.; Mohler, E.; Martienssen, W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.66.1142

Cited by 147 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If the MZ interferometer's detuning is equal to n roundtrips in the FP resonator which is placed in the signal-photon path, one can not distinguish between two possible events: a) either the idler photon takes the shorter arm of the MZ and the signal photon makes m roundtrips in the FP, where m is an integer; b) or the idler photon takes the longer arm of the MZ and the signal photon makes m + n roundtrips. This option of two indistinguishable paths restores the interference [11,12,13,14]. The longer detuning ∆t, the more unbalanced interfering probability amplitudes (corresponding to cases a) and b)) and consequently the lower visibility.…”

Section: A Setup With a Gaussian Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By use of two spatially separated interferometers, one can observe a violation of Bell's inequalities for position and time. First high-visibility interference experiments of this type were performed using Michelson interferometer [12], reaching a visibility of 87%. Later experiments utilized spatially separated Mach-Zehnder interferometers to measure nonlocal interference [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental verification of energy correlations in entangled photon pairs

et al. 2003

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Properties of entangled photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are investigated in interference experiments. Strong energy correlations are demonstrated in a direct way. If a signal photon is detected behind a narrow spectral filter, then interference appears in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer placed in the route of the idler photon, even if the path difference in the interferometer exceeds the coherence length of the light. Narrow time correlations of the detection instants are demonstrated for the same photon-pair source using the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Both these two effects may be exhibited only by an entangled state.

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Section: A Setup With a Gaussian Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental verification of energy correlations in entangled photon pairs

et al. 2003

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“…For example, in the case of entangled photon states generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), quantum interference is observed in coincidence counts between two detectors, each individually exhibiting no interference fringes [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing photonic de Broglie waves without the maximally-path-entangled|N,0〉+|0,N〉state

Kwon

Kim

2010

Phys. Rev. A

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The photonic de Broglie wave, in which an ensemble of N identical photons with wavelength λ reveals λ/N interference fringes, has been known to be a unique feature exhibited by the photon number-path entangled state or the NOON state. Here, we report the observation of the photonic de Broglie wave for a pair of photons, generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, that are not photon number-path entangled. We also show that the photonic de Broglie wave can even be observed for a pair of photons that are completely separable (i.e., no entanglement in all degrees of freedom) and distinguishable. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the photonic de Broglie wave is, in fact, not related to the entanglement of the photons, rather it is related to the indistinguishable pathways established by the measurement scheme.

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“…Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH) generalized Bell's inequality so that it could be applied to realizable experiments [16]. Since then, using the signal and idler photons produced by PDC, violations of the generalized forms of Bell's inequality have been observed for various degrees of freedom including polarization [17,18], phase and momentum [19], and energy and time [20][21][22]. In recent years, using hyperentangled states, even simultaneous violations of Bell inequalities for more than one degrees of freedom have been reported [23][24][25][26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Franson's scheme for violating a Bell inequality requires changing the phases of the signal and idler photons in one of the interfering alternatives. In all the experimental realizations of Franson's scheme so far, the phases of the signal and idler photons have been changed by adjusting their dynamic phases, i.e., by adjusting their optical path lengths [21,22]. Therefore, all these previous violations can be said to be the dynamic phase-based violations of Bell inequality for energy and time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Energy-Time Entanglement Using Geometric Phase

2008

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Using the signal and idler photons produced by parametric downconversion, we report an experimental observation of a violation of the Bell inequality for energy and time based purely on the geometric phases of the signal and idler photons. We thus show that energy-time entanglement between the signal and idler photons can be explored by means of their geometric phases. These results may have important practical implications for quantum information science by providing an additional means by which entanglement can be manipulated.Published in: Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180405 (2008) Geometric phase, or Berry's phase, is the phase acquired by a system when it is transported around a closed circuit in an abstract space [1]. The manifestation of this phase in polarization optics is also known as Pancharatnam phase, which is the phase acquired by a photon field when its polarization is taken through a closed circuit on the Poincaré sphere [2][3][4]. Pancharatnam phase has been observed both at high light levels [5][6][7] and at a single photon level [8]. Effects of Pancharatnam phase in two-photon interference, using the signal and idler photons produced by parametric downconversion (PDC), have also been studied in many different situations [9-13].Bell's inequality [14] was derived in order to show that any local hidden variable interpretation [15] of quantum mechanics is incompatible with the statistical predictions of quantum mechanics. Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH) generalized Bell's inequality so that it could be applied to realizable experiments [16]. Since then, using the signal and idler photons produced by PDC, violations of the generalized forms of Bell's inequality have been observed for various degrees of freedom including polarization [17,18], phase and momentum [19], and energy and time [20][21][22]. In recent years, using hyperentangled states, even simultaneous violations of Bell inequalities for more than one degrees of freedom have been reported [23][24][25][26]. In addition to proving the impossibility of local hidden variable interpretations of quantum mechanics, a violation of Bell's inequality, based on a certain degree of freedom, verifies entanglement and guarantees that it can be exploited through that particular degree of freedom.Bell inequality for energy and time was suggested by J. D. Franson using an experimental scheme commonly known as the Franson interferometer [20]. Franson's scheme for violating a Bell inequality requires changing the phases of the signal and idler photons in one of the interfering alternatives. In all the experimental realizations of Franson's scheme so far, the phases of the signal and idler photons have been changed by adjusting their dynamic phases, i.e., by adjusting their optical path lengths [21,22]. Therefore, all these previous violations can be said to be the dynamic phase-based violations of Bell inequality for energy and time.In this paper, we show that the Bell inequality for energy and time can also be violated using geometric phases of the signa...

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Time-resolved dual-beam two-photon interferences with high visibility

Cited by 147 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental verification of energy correlations in entangled photon pairs

Experimental verification of energy correlations in entangled photon pairs

Observing photonic de Broglie waves without the maximally-path-entangled|N,0〉+|0,N〉state

Exploring Energy-Time Entanglement Using Geometric Phase

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