Time-resolved rheometry of poly(ethylene terephthalate) during thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation

Kruse, Matthias; Wagner, Manfred H.

doi:10.1007/s00397-016-0955-2

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Before measurement, the samples should be loaded, preheated, and trimmed for 6–8 min. During this time, hydrolysis and thermo‐oxidative degradation should be considered, with the effect of small moisture in the sample and the oxygen from trimming inducing a variety of reactions . In particular, hydrolysis reaction is quicker than thermal degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they proposed the analysis of the influence of processes such as gelation, phase transition, polymerization, or decomposition on molecular mobility via time‐resolved rheometry. In previous studies, Kruse and Wagner used TRMS to study thermal and thermo‐oxidative degradation of PET in the molten state . They concluded that polycondensation increases molar mass and viscosity, and extends the shear thinning regime in nitrogen atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous post‐polycondensation of high‐viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the molten state

Wang

Chen

Guang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Time‐resolved rheometry and size exclusion chromatography system [advanced polymer chromatography (APC)‐multi‐angle laser light scattering (MALLS)‐refractive index detector (RID)] were employed to investigate post‐polycondensation process of nonstirred high‐viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) of molten film forming by high‐flow inert gas sweeping at atmospheric pressure. In view of chemical reaction kinetics together with mass transfer to adjust reactive parameters, including moisture content of the sample, temperature, concentration of the active groups, residence time, and mass transfer factor, this work aims to distinguish the different reactions in reprocessing of high‐viscosity PET. Results indicated that hydrolysis is observed initially before thermal degradation and polycondensation reactions on remelting process. Promotion of thermal degradation is stronger than polycondensation with the increase in temperature. Fiber‐grade PET exhibits polycondensation as the dominant reaction at 275 °C in a reasonable reaction time, which leads to the increase of average molecular weight and the phenomenon of double distribution proved by APC‐MALLS‐RID system. However, the average molecular weight of industrial yarn‐grade PET is very difficult to improve when the thermal degradation reaction is not effectively inhibited. Importantly, the experimental study of the interfacial mass‐transfer area and mass‐transfer intensification demonstrated that mass transfer is the rate‐determining factor for the overall post‐polycondensation of high‐viscosity melt. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47484.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous post‐polycondensation of high‐viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the molten state

Wang

Chen

Guang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is a thermoplastic polyester of great commercial interest because of its excellent physical, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties and is mainly used in the production of textile yarns, in packages for carbonated beverages, mineral water, and edible oils . On the other hand, PET is unstable during processing because it is a polyester , which in the presence of moisture, acid and basic media, often has a reduction in molar mass, considerably reducing its melt viscosity and making difficult the processability in conventional transformation processes such as extrusion, injection molding, and blow molding .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate functional groups on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Nascimento

Agrawal

Mélo

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA) and ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EMAGMA) copolymers on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The results of torque rheometry showed an increase in the torque of PET with the addition of EGMA and EMAGMA copolymers due to the reactions between the GMA groups present in the copolymers and the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present in PET. The torque of PET/copolymer blends increased with the increase in the copolymer content and was more pronounced for the blends containing EGMA copolymer. X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyzes showed that neat PET and the PET in PET/copolymer blends are amorphous. The addition of EGMA and EMAGMA copolymers delayed the crystallization of PET. Rheological measurements showed an increase in the viscosity at low frequencies with the addition of EGMA and EMAGMA copolymers to PET. This increase was more pronounced for PET/copolymer blends containing higher amount of copolymers and for the blends containing EGMA, corroborating the results obtained by torque rheometry. The impact strength of PET/EMAGMA blends was higher than that of PET/EGMA blends. Morphology analysis by SEM showed that PET/EMAGMA blends presented higher average dispersed phase domains size than PET/EGMA blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:683–693, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Despite the importance of such molecular alterations, a proper characterization of their correlations cannot be easily established. For instance, a variety of chemical reactions are known in the literature to occur in PET during its high‐temperature melt processing, which strongly depend on the processing temperature, the ambient humidity, and the initial structure of the polymer itself . Considering the complexity of such phenomena and the main purpose of this paper, a further study is necessary to comment on the role of such molecular changes on the crystallization behavior of the blends.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Crystallization of Biobased Polyamide 56 Blended with Polyethylene Terephthalate

Yan

Gooneie

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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This study attempts to promote biobased polyamide 56 (PA56) as a sustainable candidate to replace commercial PA6 and PA66 when blended with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the blends with different PA56 contents reveals an immiscible morphology with an increase in the size of the dispersed domains by increasing PA56 content. The steady‐state mixing torque of the kneader is decreased to half by adding 10 wt% of PA56 to PET. Further addition of PA56 gradually increases this torque but does not surpass the neat PET sample up to 30 wt% of PA56. As revealed by microscopic dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, this gradual increase is ascribed to the difficulty to disperse larger domains of PA56 in the thermodynamically undesired PET. The results confirm that PA56 has a lubricating effect in PET. Using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, it is shown that PA56 acts as a nucleating agent in PET. This leads to the formation of numerous small crystals in the blends as opposed to several large crystals in the neat samples. The results encourage the use of PA56 biomaterial in combination with PET in products such as bicomponent segmented pie fibers.

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Time-resolved rheometry of poly(ethylene terephthalate) during thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation

Cited by 45 publications

References 44 publications

Continuous post‐polycondensation of high‐viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the molten state

Continuous post‐polycondensation of high‐viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the molten state

Effect of copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate functional groups on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Morphology and Crystallization of Biobased Polyamide 56 Blended with Polyethylene Terephthalate

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