Time-resolved solvent extraction of coal fly ash:  retention of benzo[a]pyrene by carbonaceous components and solvent effects

Soltys, Pat A.; Mauney, T.H.; Natusch, D. F. S.; Schure, Mark R.

doi:10.1021/es00144a011

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Likely explanations for the strong association of organic contaminants to coal fly ash include the presence of carbon and availability of surface sites [12,13,17,20]. In the present study, we report that the structural conformation of the organic contaminant also plays an important role in the strength of the association to coal fly ash.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Other investigations reported similar findings. For example, Soltys et al [20] compared the ability of three solvents (methylene chloride, cyclohexane, and benzene) to extract benz[ a ]pyrene from three types of fly ash. Benzene was the most effective solvent (recovery, 98%), despite a long extraction period (33 h); the other two solvents showed poor performance (recoveries, <17%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supporting this conjecture are the results of the 13 C NMR analyses of the sorbents (Table 4), which indicated the dominance of aromatic functional groups in the class F and processed fly ashes along with the observed preferential adsorption of planar contaminants. Activated carbons and fly ashes also contain functional groups, especially alcohol‐containing moities (Table 4), with substantial oxygen content, allowing the formation of hydrogen bonds [20,33–35]. Also, the presence of inorganic oxides (Table 1) in fly ashes probably enhances the formation of hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other investigations reported similar findings. For example, Soltys et al [20] compared the ability of three solvents (methylene chloride, cyclo-Environ. Toxicol.…”

Section: Contaminant-fly Ash Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of planar and nonplanar organic contaminants with coal fly ash: Effects of polar and nonpolar solvent solutions

Burgess

Ryba

Cantwell

et al. 2006

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Coal fly ash has a very high sorption capacity for a variety of anthropogenic contaminants and has been used to cleanse wastewater of pollutants for approximately 40 years. Like other black carbons, the planar structure of the residual carbon in fly ash results in elevated affinities for planar organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The present study was performed to understand better the mechanisms affecting the strong interaction between planar contaminants and coal fly ash. The removal of 10 PCBs and 10 PAHs by several fly ashes and other sorbents was evaluated under different experimental conditions to highlight the intermolecular forces influencing adsorption. Varying fly ash concentration and solvent system composition indicated that dispersive interactions were most prevalent. For the PCBs, empirical results also were compared to molecular modeling estimates of the energy necessary for the PCB molecule to assume a planar conformation (PCe). The PCe levels ranged from 8 to 25 kcal/mol, depending on the degree of ortho-substituted chlorination of the PCB. A significant correlation between PCe and PCB removal from solution was observed for the fly ashes and activated carbon, whereas the nonplanar sorbent octadecyl (C18) indicated no relationship. These findings demonstrate the strong interaction between black carbon fly ash and planar organic contaminants. Furthermore, as exemplified by the PCBs, these results show how this interaction is a function of a contaminant's ability to assume a planar conformation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other investigations reported similar findings. For example, Soltys et al [20] compared the ability of three solvents (methylene chloride, cyclo-Environ. Toxicol.…”

Section: Contaminant-fly Ash Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interaction of planar and nonplanar organic contaminants with coal fly ash: Effects of polar and nonpolar solvent solutions

Burgess

Ryba

Cantwell

et al. 2006

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Recoveries of d 12 -BaP spiked to bottom and fly ash ( Table 2) are 18% and 12%, which are much lower values than the recovery of C I4 -labeled BaP spiked to coal combustion fly ash in Soltys et al 15 . According to the similar sorption study of Griest and Tomkins 16 , the sorption efficiency of radio-labeled BaP increased with increasing particle size and increasing carbonaceous content of ash, while the desorption efficiency was higher in the absence of carbonaceous content.…”

Section: Recovery Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 76%

Estimation of Benzo(a)Pyrene in bottom and fly ash from the gasification followed by incineration of waste tires

Koo

Seo

1992

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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This study describes a determination of toxic compounds in ash produced from the gasification process followed by incineration of scrap tires. Determination of selected toxic compounds, including benzo(a)pyrene was carried out by Soxhlet extraction with benzene after spiking d 12 -benzo(a)pyrene to bottom and fly ash samples. The recovery of d 12 -BaP was dependent on both sorption and desorption efficiency controlled by carbonaceous content and particle size of ash. Benzo(a)pyrene content in bottom and fly ash samples are 650 μg and 4.2 μg per gram of ash.

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Photochemical transformation of pyrene vapor deposited on eleven subfractions of a high‐carbon coal stack ash

Miller¹,

Wehry²,

Mamantov³

1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A high‐carbon coal stack ash has been separated by particle size and then by composition, into strongly magnetic, weakly magnetic, “nonmagnetic” mineral, heavy carbon and light carbon fractions. Eleven of these fractions have been characterized by bulk iron and carbon analyses and BET surface area determinations. The photochemical transformation of pyrene, deposited from the vapor phase onto these eleven ash fractions, has been studied. Appreciable phototransformation of adsorbed pyrene was observed for only three fractions; in those fractions, the bulk percentage of carbon (0.4–0.7%) and the specific surface area (0.50–0.68 m2/g) were both very low. For all fractions having bulk carbon percentages ≥ 4% and specific surface areas ≥ 2.85 m2/g, no detectable phototransformation of adsorbed pyrene was observed. There was no discernible correlation of photochemical reactivity of adsorbed pyrene with the iron content of the ash fractions. In general, the specific surface area of the fractions increased with increased carbon content; two different forms of carbon having different surface areas were observed.

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Time-resolved solvent extraction of coal fly ash: retention of benzo[a]pyrene by carbonaceous components and solvent effects

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Interaction of planar and nonplanar organic contaminants with coal fly ash: Effects of polar and nonpolar solvent solutions

Interaction of planar and nonplanar organic contaminants with coal fly ash: Effects of polar and nonpolar solvent solutions

Estimation of Benzo(a)Pyrene in bottom and fly ash from the gasification followed by incineration of waste tires

Photochemical transformation of pyrene vapor deposited on eleven subfractions of a high‐carbon coal stack ash

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