Time‐restricted feeding affects transcriptomic profiling of hypothalamus in pigs through regulating aromatic amino acids metabolism

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective means that can efficiently regulate the metabolism and health of animals and humans. However, the effect of TRF on hypothalamic function remains unclear.RESULTS: Results showed that TRF significantly increased the activities of digestive enzymes lipase, maltase in the duodenum and lipase, trypsin in the pancreas whereas significantly decreased serum gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin. Metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, including citrulline, kynurenine, N-acetylleucine, L-tryptophan, and L-tyrosine, significantly increased in the TRF group. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamus showed that a total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly changed by TRF. In particular, DEGs such as DDC, TH, GOT2, and DBH involved in aromatic amino acid metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of CYP1B1 was significantly upregulated. Moreover, DEGs (PDYN and PPP3CA) involved in amphetamine addiction and cocaine addiction were also downregulated in the TRF group. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggested that TRF improved the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus increased the accessibilities of aromatic amino acids. The increasing of circulating aromatic amino acids might mediate the regulatory neuroendocrine effects of TRF regimes on the hypothalamus functions, especially on drug addictions. This study reveals a possible mechanism underlying the effects of regulating feeding patterns on the function of the hypothalamus by altering aromatic amino acids metabolism.

Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analysis reveals muscle metabolism effects of dietary Ulva lactuca and ulvan lyase supplementation in weaned piglets

“…In the current analysis, the two genes were found to have relations with proteins involved in nutrient metabolism. The GOT2 gene, which participates in amino acid metabolism, has been reported to be downregulated in the hypothalamus of pigs fed three different meals per day, compared to pigs fed ad libitum 60 . In turn, diacylglycerol kinase (DGKH) has been related to cattle growth, due to its role in the cell growth promoting Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway 61 .…”

RNA modification regulator DDC in endometrial cancer affects the tumor microenvironment and patient prognosis

“…For example, time-restricted feeding can enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients, thereby increasing the availability of aromatic amino acids. This increased availability of aromatic amino acids may influence the function of the hypothalamus through the modulation of neuroendocrine effects, especially in regulating feeding patterns 39 . The hypothalamus affects estrogen levels by producing and releasing various hormones.…”