Time series aggregation for energy system design: Modeling seasonal storage

Kotzur, Leander; Markewitz, Peter; Robinius, Martin; Stolten, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.023

Cited by 184 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, the two biggest challenges for the future energy grid are the storage of surplus energy and filling up the gaps in times of an undersupply. This is known as the intermittency problem [27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The consequence is the need for storages that deplete in times of undersupply and can be filled in times of overproduction.…”

Section: Energy Transition and Technologies That May Be Requiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamically Operated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in PtL-Part 1: System Response on Intermittent Feed

Loewert

Pfeifer

2020

ChemEngineering

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Society is facing serious challenges to reduce CO2 emissions. Effective change requires the use of advanced chemical catalyst and reactor systems to utilize renewable feedstocks. One pathway to long-term energy storage is its transformation into high quality, low-emission and CO2-neutral fuels. Performance of technologies such as the Fischer-Tropsch reaction can be maximized using the inherent advantages of microstructured packed bed reactors. Advantages arise not only from high conversion and productivity, but from its capability to resolve the natural fluctuation of renewable sources. This work highlights and evaluates a system for dynamic feed gas and temperature changes in a pilot scale Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit for up to 7 L of product per day. Dead times were determined for non-reactive and reactive mode at individual positions in the setup. Oscillating conditions were applied to investigate responses with regard to gaseous and liquid products. The system was stable at short cycle times of 8 min. Neither of the periodic changes showed negative effects on the process performance. Findings even suggest this technology’s capability for effective, small-to-medium-scale applications with periodically changing process parameters. The second part of this work focuses on the application of a real-time photovoltaics profile to the given system.

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Section: Energy Transition and Technologies That May Be Requiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those storages need to work as a buffer system between the producer and the consumer. Storages come at a certain price [37,38,40,41].…”

Section: Energy Transition and Technologies That May Be Requiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically Operated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in PtL-Part 1: System Response on Intermittent Feed

Loewert

Pfeifer

2020

ChemEngineering

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“…All in all, the combinatorial consideration of demandside and supply-side measures respecting the full operational variety yields a complex mathematical program that is computationally demanding. In order to keep the program tractable for many different building types and scenarios, the annual time series of weather, occupancy behavior, and appliance load are aggregated to twelve typical days with a hierarchical aggregation [72,73]. The days with the smallest temperature and highest electricity load are added as extreme days.…”

Section: Optimizing Structure Scale and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up energy supply optimization of a national building stock

Kotzur¹,

Markewitz²,

Robinius³

et al. 2020

Energy and Buildings

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The installation and operation distributed energy resources (DER) and the electrification of the heat supply significantly changes the interaction of the residential building stock with the grid infrastructure. Evaluating the mass deployment of DER at the national level would require analyzing millions of individual buildings, entailing significant computational burden.To overcome this, this work proposes a novel bottom-up model that consists of an aggregation algorithm to create a spatially distributed set of typical residential buildings from census data. Each typical building is then optimized with a Mixed-Integer Linear Program to derive its cost optimal technology adoption and operation, determining its changing grid load in future scenarios.The model is validated for Germany, with 200 typical buildings considered to sufficiently represent the diversity of the residential building stock. In a future scenario for 2050, photovoltaic and heat pumps are predicted to be the most economically and ecologically robust supply solutions for the different building types. Nevertheless, their electricity generation and demand temporally do not match, resulting in a doubling of the peak electricity grid load in the rural areas during the winter. The urban areas can compensate this with efficient co-generation units, which are not cost-efficient in the rural areas.

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“…Furthermore, the time series aggregation (TSA) specifications with typical periods and the cluster method are specified. The storage operation between the typical periods is enabled by a superposition of system states [37]. The typical periods represent the full time series by clustering a set of similar periods around a set of typical periods (typical days).…”

Section: -Level Optimization Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Computational Load for Mixed Integer Linear Programming: An Example for a District and an Island Energy System

et al. 2019

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The complexity of Mixed-Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) increases with the number of nodes in energy system models. An increasing complexity constitutes a high computational load that can limit the scale of the energy system model. Hence, methods are sought to reduce this complexity. In this paper, we present a new 2-Level Approach to MILP energy system models that determines the system design through a combination of continuous and discrete decisions. On the first level, data reduction methods are used to determine the discrete design decisions in a simplified solution space. Those decisions are then fixed, and on the second level the full dataset is used to ex-tract the exact scaling of the chosen technologies. The performance of the new 2-Level Approach is evaluated for a case study of an urban energy system with six buildings and an island system based on a high share of renewable energy technologies. The results of the studies show a high accuracy with respect to the total annual costs, chosen system structure, installed capacities and peak load with the 2-Level Approach compared to the results of a single level optimization. The computational load is thereby reduced by more than one order of magnitude.

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Time series aggregation for energy system design: Modeling seasonal storage

Cited by 184 publications

References 55 publications

Dynamically Operated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in PtL-Part 1: System Response on Intermittent Feed

Dynamically Operated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in PtL-Part 1: System Response on Intermittent Feed

Bottom-up energy supply optimization of a national building stock

Reducing Computational Load for Mixed Integer Linear Programming: An Example for a District and an Island Energy System

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