Time-Series Analysis of Mortality Effects of Fine Particulate Matter Components in Detroit and Seattle

Zhou, Jingjiao; Ito, Kazuhiko; Lall, Ramona; Lippmann, Morton; Thurston, George

doi:10.1289/ehp.1002613

Cited by 175 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The percent contribution of elemental carbon is also higher in urban areas of Japan than in the United States; therefore, it is possible that the difference in the results of our study could have arisen from the difference in the mixture of chemical composition. Although a few recent studies focused on the effect of short-term exposure to certain PM compositions on mortality [26][27][28] , the results were inconsistent. Further studies are needed to examine which component is more influential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Particulate Matter and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80

Ueda

Nagasawa

Nitta

et al. 2012

JAT

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Aim: It remains uncertain whether chronic exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increased mortality in Japan because Japan has a different distribution pattern of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors compared to Western countries. We investigated the association between longterm exposure to particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular mortality risk using a representative Japanese cohort. Methods: A total of 7,250 participants aged 30 years and older from 232 districts throughout Japan were followed from 1980 to 2004. We linked the averaged annual concentrations of PM from 1985 to 2004 to each cohort participant who resided in the district at the time of the baseline survey. Study participants were divided into quintiles of average PM concentration. We applied the Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking categories, drinking categories, and the municipality population size. Results: During follow-up, there were 1,716 deaths from all causes; 571 from cardiovascular disease, 116 from coronary heart disease, and 250 from stroke. Hazard ratios were not different among the quintiles and those for trend per 10 g/m 3 increase in annual PM concentration were 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.04) for all-cause mortality and 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.00) for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM was not associated with increased cardiovascular mortality risk in this population-based cohort in Japan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Particulate Matter and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80

Ueda

Nagasawa

Nitta

et al. 2012

JAT

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“…Epidemiological studies A few panel and population studies published during or after 2009 have included transition metals (Bell et al, 2009a;de Hartog et al, 2009;Ito et al, 2011;Mostofsky et al, 2012;Ostro et al, 2009Ostro et al, , 2010Suh et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2011). A comparison of the relative harmfulness of different metals is not possible at this point, because most of the studies have included only a few transition metals, most often zinc or nickel, and there is substantial variability in the outcomes available.…”

Section: Transition Metals and Metal Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United Kingdom Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards (EPAQS, 2009) used an exposure-response model from Seilkop & Oller (2003) and Norwegian studies by Grimsrud et al (2002Grimsrud et al ( , 2003 After the above-mentioned paper by Lippmann et al (2006), several reports followed up on the contribution of nickel to the adverse effects on health of fine PM and found some support for the hypothesis that fuel combustion in power generation (which usually emits nickel and vanadium) could contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease (Bell et al, 2009b;Zhou et al, 2011;Suh et al, 2011). The strongest indication is from a recent case-crossover study on stroke by Mostofsky et al (2012), who found nickel to be the element that showed the strongest (although non-significant) association with stroke incidence, surpassed only by black carbon.…”

Section: Later Reviews and Recent Original Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution -REVIHAAP". The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union. Keywords AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION -ADVERSE EFFECTS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES HEALTH POLICYAddress requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. ...

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“…Atmospheric O 3 also contributes to global climate change because of its absorption of the infrared radiation, constituting one of the important short-lived climate pollutants. Additionally, high levels of surface O 3 exert deleterious impacts on ecosystems and human health Zhou et al, 2011) and O 3 is one of the criteria pollutants regulated by the environmental agencies in many countries, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and China's Ministry of Environmental Protection (China MEP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime ozone formation in Xi'an and surrounding areas, China

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In this study, the ozone (O 3 ) formation in China's northwest city of Xi'an and surrounding areas is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting atmospheric chemistry (WRF-Chem) model during the period from 22 to 24 August 2013, corresponding to a heavy air pollution episode with high concentrations of O 3 and PM 2.5 . The model generally performs well compared to measurements in simulating the surface temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction, near-surface O 3 and PM 2.5 mass concentrations, and aerosol constituents. High aerosol concentrations in Xi'an and surrounding areas significantly decrease the photolysis frequencies and can reduce O 3 concentrations by more than 50 µg m −3 (around 25 ppb) on average. Sensitivity studies show that the O 3 production regime in Xi'an and surrounding areas is complicated, varying from NO x to VOC (volatile organic compound)-sensitive chemistry. The industrial emissions contribute the most to the O 3 concentrations compared to biogenic and other anthropogenic sources, but neither individual anthropogenic emission nor biogenic emission plays a dominant role in the O 3 formation. Under high O 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations, a 50 % reduction in all the anthropogenic emissions only decreases near-surface O 3 concentrations by about 14 % during daytime. The complicated O 3 production regime and high aerosol levels pose a challenge for O 3 control strategies in Xi'an and surrounding areas. Further investigation regarding O 3 control strategies will need to be performed, taking into consideration the rapid changes in anthropogenic emissions that are not reflected in the current emission inventories and the uncertainties in the meteorological field simulations.

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Time-Series Analysis of Mortality Effects of Fine Particulate Matter Components in Detroit and Seattle

Cited by 175 publications

References 40 publications

Exposure to Particulate Matter and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80

Exposure to Particulate Matter and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Summertime ozone formation in Xi'an and surrounding areas, China

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