Time-series analysis of surface deformation at Brady Hot Springs geothermal field (Nevada) using interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Ali, Shehzad; Akerley, John; Baluyut, Elena C.; Cardiff, Michael; Davatzes, Nicholas C.; Feigl, K. L.; Foxall, W.; Fratta, Dante; Mellors, R. J.; Spielman, Paul; Wang, H.F.; Zemach, Ezra

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.01.008

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Deformation of the Earth's crust caused by utilization of natural resources has been observed in many places. Examples include the following: exploitation of hydrocarbons [e.g., Fielding et al, 1998], groundwater [e.g., Chi and Reilinger, 1984], and geothermal fluids [e.g., Segall, 1985;Mossop and Segall, 1997;Allis and Zhan, 2000;Fialko and Simons, 2000;Keiding et al, 2010;Vasco et al, 2013;Jeanne et al, 2014;Ali et al, 2016;Drouin, 2016;Barbour et al, 2016]. Here we present a case study of crustal deformation driven by the use of a high-temperature geothermal field, a phenomenon that is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we present a case study of crustal deformation driven by the use of a high-temperature geothermal field, a phenomenon that is not well understood. One challenge is to identify the cause of the deformation, as the volume change of a geothermal subsurface reservoir has been assumed to be caused mainly by (a) changes in pore/fracture pressure due to extraction or injection of fluids [e.g., Allis and Zhan, 2000;Barbour et al, 2016] or (b) changes in temperature of the host rock due to production or injection [e.g., Ali et al, 2016].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic and natural ground deformation in the Hengill geothermal area, Iceland

et al. 2017

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We investigate crustal deformation due to the extraction of water and steam from a high‐enthalpy geothermal reservoir; a common occurrence, yet not well understood. The cause of this deformation can be a change in pressure or in temperature in the reservoir, both of which can be caused by extraction or injection of geothermal fluids. Our study area, the Hengill mountains in SW Iceland, is an active volcanic center and a plate triple junction that hosts two power plants producing geothermal energy. This combination of natural and anthropogenic processes causes a complex displacement field at the surface. We analyze geodetic data—Global Navigation Satellite System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar—to obtain the surface velocity field, which we then simulate using an inverse modeling approach. We focus on the deformation around the geothermal power plants but need to model the regional tectonic and volcanic deformation as well, because the signals are overlapping. We find that plate motion and a deep contracting body can explain the broad scale signal in the area. Local deformation near the two power plants, Hellisheidi and Nesjavellir, can be explained by extraction of geothermal fluids. We estimate reservoirs extending from 0.6 to 3.0 km depth at Hellisheidi, and 1.0 to 3.0 km depth at Nesjavellir for observed pressure decrease rates of 0.25 MPa/yr and 0.1 MPa/yr, respectively. We find that the main cause for the subsidence in the geothermal area is the observed pressure drawdown.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic and natural ground deformation in the Hengill geothermal area, Iceland

et al. 2017

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“…MT-InSAR has been successfully and extensively used in monitoring the deformations Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 1129 2 of 22 induced by exploitation of underground fluids, such as groundwater [7,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], oil [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], natural gas [14,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37], and geothermal [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], because of its low cost, wide spatial coverage, high measurement precision, and fine spatial resolution. However, MT-InSAR can capture only one-dimensional (1-D) time-series deformation that includes the sum of projections on the line-of-sight (LOS) direction of actual 3-D time series ground deformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving 3-D Time-Series Ground Deformations Induced by Underground Fluid Flows with InSAR: Case Study of Sebei Gas Fields, China

Liu

Sun

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) technique has proven to be a powerful tool for the monitoring of time-series ground deformations along the line-of-sight (LOS) direction. However, the one-dimensional (1-D) measurements cannot provide comprehensive information for interpreting the related geo-hazards. Recently, a novel method has been proposed to map the three-dimensional (3-D) deformation associated with underground fluid flows based on single-track InSAR LOS measurements and the deformation modeling associated with the Green's function. In this study, the method is extended in temporal domain by exploiting the MT-InSAR measurements, and applied for the first time to investigate the 3-D time series deformation over Sebei gas field in Qinghai, Northwest China with 37 Sentinel-1 images acquired during October 2014-July 2017. The estimated 3-D time series deformations provide a more complete view of ongoing deformation processes as compared to the 1-D time series deformations or the 3-D deformation velocities, which is of great importance for assessing the possible geohazards. In addition, the extended method allows for the retrieval of time series of fluid volume changes due to the gas extraction in the Sebei field, which agrees well with those from the PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company Yearbooks (PQOCYs). This provides a new way to study the variations of subsurface fluids at unprecedented resolution.

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“…The German Aerospace Center (DLR) satellite shows a short revisit time (11 days) and an improved radiometric and geometric resolution, which are key factors to detect the evolution of the snow cover, especially during snowmelt when changing moisture content influences the backscattering signal. TerraSAR-X imagery is frequently used for interferometric applications (Venkataraman and Rao, 2005;Alia et al, 2015;Barboux et al, 2015;Betbeder et al, 2015;Reis et al, 2015), glaciology (Braun, 2001;König et al, 2001;Rott et al, 2011;Schubert et al, 2013) and also for snow mapping (Baghdadi et al, 1997;Gunerissen, 2002, 2003;Venkataraman et al, 2008;Falk et al, 2016), but mostly using the coarserresolution StripMap mode. Most research focuses on the retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) and not so much on the detailed mapping of snow extent and melt patterns, topics which are very relevant to the geocryological community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of single-band snow-patch mapping using high-resolution microwave remote sensing: an application in the maritime Antarctic

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The mountainous and ice-free terrains of the maritime Antarctic generate complex mosaics of snow patches, ranging from tens to hundreds of metres. These can only be accurately mapped using high-resolution remote sensing. In this paper we evaluate the application of radar scenes from TerraSAR-X in High Resolution SpotLight mode for mapping snow patches at a test area on Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, South Shetlands). Snow-patch mapping and characterization of snow stratigraphy were conducted at the time of image acquisition on 12 and 13 January 2012. Snow was wet in all studied snow patches, with coarse-grain and rounded crystals showing advanced melting and with frequent ice layers in the snow pack. Two TerraSAR-X scenes in HH and VV polarization modes were analysed, with the former showing the best results when discriminating between wet snow, lake water and bare soil. However, significant overlap in the backscattering signal was found. Average wet-snow backscattering was −18.0 dB in HH mode, with water showing −21.1 dB and bare soil showing −11.9 dB. Single-band pixel-based and object-oriented image classification methods were used to assess the classification potential of TerraSAR-X SpotLight imagery. The best results were obtained with an object-oriented approach using a watershed segmentation with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, with an overall accuracy of 92 % and Kappa of 0.88. The main limitation was the west to north-west facing snow patches, which showed significant error, an issue related to artefacts from the geometry of satellite imagery acquisition. The results show that TerraSAR-X in SpotLight mode provides high-quality imagery for mapping wet snow and snowmelt in the maritime Antarctic. The classification procedure that we propose is a simple method and a first step to an implementation in operational mode if a good digital elevation model is available.

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Time-series analysis of surface deformation at Brady Hot Springs geothermal field (Nevada) using interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Anthropogenic and natural ground deformation in the Hengill geothermal area, Iceland

Anthropogenic and natural ground deformation in the Hengill geothermal area, Iceland

Deriving 3-D Time-Series Ground Deformations Induced by Underground Fluid Flows with InSAR: Case Study of Sebei Gas Fields, China

Evaluation of single-band snow-patch mapping using high-resolution microwave remote sensing: an application in the maritime Antarctic

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