Time-series observations of the structure and properties of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland

Κawamura, Toshiyuki; Shirasawa, Kunio; Ishikawa, N.; Lindfors, Antti; Rasmus, Kai; Granskog, Mats A; Ehn, Jens K.; Leppäranta, Matti; Martha, Tuñón-Pitalúa; Vaikmäe, Rein

doi:10.3189/172756401781818950

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4), since melting and refreezing of snow are essential for the formation of superimposed ice. The results correspond to observations made in the northern Baltic Sea by Kawamura et al (2001), although they found more negative d…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The d 18 O signature of the White Sea can be assumed to be less negative, due to a lowered freshwater input compared to the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, Kawamura et al (2001) did not find such strong melting of the columnar portion, which can be attributed to a lower freezing point, since salinity in the White Sea is considerably higher than that of the Baltic Sea (2-4), or a higher heat flux from underlying water, as proposed by Lytle and Ackley (2001). These authors also found a complete melt-down of the columnar ice portion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The biology and chemistry of land fast ice in the White Sea, Russia?A comparison of winter and spring conditions

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 84%

The biology and chemistry of land fast ice in the White Sea, Russia?A comparison of winter and spring conditions

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ice texture of Core A was determined by thin-section analysis (e.g. Kawamura et al 2001). Based on ice crystal size and orientation, 3 stratigraphic units were distinguished: granular ice, columnar ice and intermediate granular/columnar ice (Eicken & Lange 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance, size distribution and bacterial colonization of exopolymer particles in Antarctic sea ice (Bellingshausen Sea)

Meiners¹,

Brinkmeyer²,

Granskog³

et al. 2004

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The abundance, size spectra and bacterial colonization of exopolymer particles were investigated in Antarctic sea ice and underlying water in the Bellingshausen Sea during April 2001. In addition to exopolymer particles (EP), different abiotic (temperature, salinity, ice texture, oxygen isotopic composition, inorganic nutrient concentrations) and biotic (particulate organic carbon/nitrogen, algal pigments, abundance and biomass of bacteria and diatoms) parameters were measured from the samples. The sea ice showed different communities occurring in physically distinct layers of the ice. Algal and bacterial biomass in the ice showed strong vertical gradients and ranged between 59.4 and 5140.4 µg C l -1 and 8.8 and 119.4 µg C l -1 , respectively. EP concentrations in the sea ice were high, with EP abundance ranging between 10.2 and 260.1 × 10 6 particles l -1 and EP area between 3.4 and 92.1 cm 2 l -1 . Median EP concentrations in the ice exceeded under-ice values by 1 order of magnitude. Crude estimates of integrated sea ice EP carbon were equivalent to 14-32% of the integrated POC, and to 34-78% of the integrated diatom biomass. The estimated integrated EP carbon in sea ice exceeded the bacterial biomass by a factor of 10 to 20. The abundance of EP was inversely correlated with size of the particles. EP size spectra showed relatively flat slopes, indicating a relatively large contribution of larger particles. The bacterial colonization of individual EP in the ice and in the underice water was not significantly different. In contrast, due to the large difference of EP concentrations in the 2 habitats, the median proportion of attached bacteria was much higher in the ice (14.8% of the total bacterial number) than in the under-ice water (1.9% of the total bacterial number). The data suggest that EP are an integral component of Antarctic sea ice communities and that EP serve as important substrates for ice-associated bacteria. After the ice melts in spring, large amounts of EP are available to be released to the water, where they may significantly contribute to and alter the particle flux of the ice-covered Southern Ocean.

show abstract

“…5) often assumed to be a characteristic feature of superimposed ice (e.g. Kawamura andothers, 1997, 2004;Haas and others, 2001). The structure was more like that of snow ice with a rather fine-grained structure (see Fig.…”

Section: Observations On Surface Granular Ice Layer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Superimposed ice formation and surface energy fluxes on sea ice during the spring melt–freeze period in the Baltic Sea

Granskog¹,

Vihma

Pirazzini

et al. 2006

J. Glaciol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of land-fast sea ice and overlying snow was monitored during a 4 week period, until the snow cover had completely disappeared, at a site in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea (63.578 N, 19.858 E). The meteorological and radiative boundary conditions were continuously recorded. During the observation period, a 15 cm thick snow layer on the ice was transformed into a 7 cm thick granular ice layer (superimposed ice) on the ice surface, contributing significantly (about 11%) to the total ice thickness. Approximately 1 cm w.e. of the snow was sublimated. Neither snow-ice formation nor basal ice growth was significant during the same period. The salinity and isotopic (d 18 O) composition of the ice indicated that prior to the experiment a 7 cm layer of superimposed ice had already formed. Hence, superimposed ice layers contributed 22% of the total ice thickness by the time all snow had disappeared. The advancing spring, decrease in surface albedo, diurnal cycle in the incoming solar radiation, and synoptic-scale changes in the cloud cover and the air-ice turbulent heat fluxes caused variations in the heat budget of the snowpack. Superimposed ice formation due to refreezing of meltwater occurred during most nights of the study period, and the most important refreezing periods were under such synoptic conditions that the air and snow surface temperatures also remained below zero during daytime. In contrast to typical summer conditions in polar oceans, low snow surface temperatures acted as the primary heat sink for the refreezing of meltwater.

show abstract

Time-series observations of the structure and properties of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

The biology and chemistry of land fast ice in the White Sea, Russia?A comparison of winter and spring conditions

The biology and chemistry of land fast ice in the White Sea, Russia?A comparison of winter and spring conditions

Abundance, size distribution and bacterial colonization of exopolymer particles in Antarctic sea ice (Bellingshausen Sea)

Superimposed ice formation and surface energy fluxes on sea ice during the spring melt–freeze period in the Baltic Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About