Time, Sex, Gender, History, and Dementia

Rocca, Walter A.

doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000187

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, some European studies have reported a higher incidence among women at older ages, 216,217 and one study from the United Kingdom reported higher incidence for men 218 . Differences in the risk of dementia between men and women may therefore depend on age and/or geographic region 219,220 …”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…218 Differences in the risk of dementia between men and women may therefore depend on age and/or geographic region. 219,220 If there is a difference in the risk of Alzheimer's or other dementias between men and women, there are a number of potential biological and social explanations. 219,221 One explanation may be differences in the distribution of or even the effect of risk factors for dementia between men and women.…”

Section: Differences Between Women and Men In The Prevalence And Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the future challenges of meeting care demands for the growing number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States with a particular emphasis on primary care. By mid‐century, the number of Americans age 65 and older with Alzheimer's dementia may grow to 13.8 million. This represents a steep increase from the estimated 5.8 million Americans age 65 and older who have Alzheimer's dementia today. Official death certificates recorded 122,019 deaths from AD in 2018, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2018, deaths resulting from stroke, HIV and heart disease decreased, whereas reported deaths from Alzheimer's increased 146.2%. In 2019, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.6 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $244 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2020 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $305 billion. As the population of Americans living with Alzheimer's dementia increases, the burden of caring for that population also increases. These challenges are exacerbated by a shortage of dementia care specialists, which places an increasing burden on primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide care for people living with dementia. Many PCPs feel underprepared and inadequately trained to handle dementia care responsibilities effectively. This report includes recommendations for maximizing quality care in the face of the shortage of specialists and training challenges in primary care.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences Between Women and Men In The Prevalence And Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

2,038

653

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“…Though there are more women than men living with dementia, Mielke points out that the incidence is not always higher for women than men and that "sex and gender differences in the incidence of AD dementia may depend on the time period and geographical region" (2018, p. 2). It is notable that intersectional and feminist approaches to dementia are now exploring relationships between sex, gender and dementia, and the impact of these on care and public policy (Bartlett et al, 2018;Mielke, 2018;Sandberg, 2018;Rocca, 2017). Though full discussion of the significance of gender in children's books about dementia is beyond the scope of this paper, it is important to note that cultural narratives such as picturebooks do not simply reflect real-world statistics and experiences, but also help to shape the ways in which we understand dementia (including its relationship to gender).…”

Section: Selecting and Analysing Picturebooks About Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Depicting Dementia: Representations of Cognitive Health and Illness in Ten Picturebooks for Children

2020

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It is estimated that a third of children know someone living with dementia, and there are now many picturebooks for young children that help to explain the changes dementia can bring to family life. Despite their number, there has been little examination of what these books communicate about health and illness. To address this, the current study presents a close visual and textual analysis of 10 recent picturebooks in English that aim to teach children about dementia. Our analysis reveals that in these books dementia is exclusively framed in terms of ageing, and as an illness of older adults. Furthermore, the books rely heavily on mechanistic metaphors to explain the causes of dementia. However, at the same time the "still the same person" narrative is dominant. This narrative emphasises the importance of foregrounding the unique history and personality of the person living with dementia, and offers a way to help children to continue meaningful relationships with their relatives. These books employ often ageist tropes of decline in the depiction of dementia and yet at the same time support a narrative of ongoing personhood, reflecting the complexity of broader social discourses around dementia and selfhood.

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“…These projections were made under the simple assumption that the age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence would remain stable over 25 years. However, the burden of diseases may be modified over time by human practices, including public health interventions and medicine . Rossi and colleagues have suggested that the successful implementation of smoking cessation interventions in the United States may lead to an increase in the projected number of persons who will suffer from PD by 2040 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the burden of diseases may be modified over time by human practices, including public health interventions and medicine. 2 Rossi and colleagues have suggested that the successful implementation of smoking cessation interventions in the United States may lead to an increase in the projected number of persons who will suffer from PD by 2040. 3 Their revised projections were based on a projected 46.2% increase in the population 50 years old and a 59.8% reduction in the percentage of smokers 50 years old between 2000 and 2040.…”

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confidence: 99%

The future burden of Parkinson's disease

Rocca

2017

Movement Disorders

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Dorsey and colleagues estimated that the number of persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the UnitedStates was approximately 340,000 in 2005 and projected that number to reach approximately 610,000 in 2030 as a result of population aging.1 These projections were made under the simple assumption that the age-and sexspecific prevalence would remain stable over 25 years. However, the burden of diseases may be modified over time by human practices, including public health interventions and medicine.2 Rossi and colleagues have suggested that the successful implementation of smoking cessation interventions in the United States may lead to an increase in the projected number of persons who will suffer from PD by 2040.3 Their revised projections were based on a projected 46.2% increase in the population 50 years old and a 59.8% reduction in the percentage of smokers 50 years old between 2000 and 2040. They also made the fundamental assumption that smoking has a preventive effect on PD. Based on their assumptions and on the relatively conservative prevalence estimates published by Dorsey et al for 2005, 1 they projected for 2040 a total of 700,000 patients with PD because of population aging and an additional 70,000 patients (10% increase) because of the reduced frequency of smoking (total of 770,000 patients). Overall, they projected a 56% increase in the number of patients between 2005 and 2040. Rossi and colleagues argued that these revised projections are important to adequately plan for future cost and care needs related to PD. 3Whether or not smoking has a preventive effect on the risk of PD, the number of patients with PD is likely to increase by 2040 above and beyond the simple effect of population aging. There are now 3 studies from 3 continents showing an increase in the risk of PD over time (from the United States, Finland, and Taiwan).4-6 However, there are also 3 studies showing a possible decline in risk over time (from the United Kingdom, Taiwan, and the Netherlands). [7][8][9] Assuming that all 6 studies have adequate methods (no major biases) and comparable study design, these discrepant findings may suggest that the risk factors for PD vary across countries, by sex, and over time. Our study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, showed an approximately 50% increase in the incidence of PD in men and women combined over 30 years ; relative risk increase). The increase was more sizable in men age 70 years (approximate relative risk increase of 100%), and there was a significantly higher risk for men born between 1915 and 1924 (birth cohort effect).

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Time, Sex, Gender, History, and Dementia

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

Depicting Dementia: Representations of Cognitive Health and Illness in Ten Picturebooks for Children

The future burden of Parkinson's disease

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