Time, Temperature, and Oxygen Availability: An Experimental Study of the Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Color and Organic Content of Cremated Bone

Research potential and limitations of trace analyses of cremated remains

“…The results in our study regarding the colour, microstructure, mineral and collagen of experimentally cremated samples exposed to different temperatures largely agree with other similar and previously published results [ [5,8,10], and [46]]. However, due to the experimental design which, in contrast to earlier studies, involves all bone levels and combines these data with TGA und DSC, this study gives new insights about the relationships between different bone levels in the course of the high temperature modification process.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10]) and the structural changes in the mineral portion related to the degree of heat exposure (e.g. [11][12][13][14][15][16]).…”

The forensic evaluation of burned skeletal remains: A synthesis

“…The color of bone fragments affected by high temperatures is a function of oxygen availability, duration and temperature [60,61]. David's 1990 experimental work [51] found that in a controlled brushfire, no calcination occurred and fragments appeared brown and black.…”

Contribution to the knowledge of the temperatures reached during the cremation rites in the roman peoples of the second iron age in the iberian peninsula

“…In this case, archeology, is the tool that can provide real data on the temperatures reached in these rites. Some authors think through testimonials, such as: metallurgical changes of the objects that accompany the body [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], color of cremated bones, type of wood used and incineration pyres simulations [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In this research the results observed in the metal part cremated with the corpse of a warrior are shown, from the necropolis of Hoya (Álava, Spain) the Centuries V -II B.C.…”