Time to biochemical failure and prostate-specific antigen doubling time as surrogates for prostate cancer-specific mortality: evidence from the TROG 96.01 randomised controlled trial

Denham, James W.; Steigler, Allison; Wilcox, Chantelle; Lamb, David; Joseph, David; Atkinson, Callum; Matthews, John; Tai, Keen‐Hun; Spry, Nigel; Christie, David; Gleeson, Paul S; Greer, Peter B.; DʼEste, Catherine

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70236-5

Cited by 93 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…10,14,16 In the present study, we independently validated the interval to biochemical failure as a surrogate for metastasis-free survival and CSS in patients treated with dose-escalated EBRT (with or without ADT), using a previously determined cutpoint of 18 months. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a short interval to biochemical failure was the strongest prognostic factor for CSS, associated with an 18-fold increase in the risk of PCa death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Analysis of the TROG 96.01 randomized trial also established an interval to biochemical failure of <24 months as a potential surrogate for CSS among patients randomized to low-dose (66 grays [Gy]) RT alone or with either 3 or 6 months of ADT. 16 These studies all used either uniform low-dose RT 16 or a broad range of RT doses, 14,15 but because the level and timing of the PSA nadir as well as biochemical failure are functions of RT dose, this might influence the prognostic significance of the interval to biochemical failure. Therefore, we sought to validate the interval to biochemical failure in a cohort of patients uniformly treated with dose-escalated RT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interval to biochemical failure as a biomarker for cause‐specific and overall survival after dose‐escalated external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Kapadia

Olson

Sandler

et al. 2011

Cancer

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BACKGROUND:After external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer, a short interval to biochemical failure of <18 months has been proposed as a surrogate for cause‐specific survival. Because EBRT dose influences biochemical failure, the authors investigated the interval to biochemical failure in a cohort of patients treated with dose‐escalated EBRT.METHODS:From 1998 to 2008, 710 patients were treated with EBRT (≥75 grays) ± androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) at the University of Michigan. Biochemical failure was defined using the Phoenix consensus definition (nadir + 2 ng/mL). A short interval to biochemical failure was defined as <18 months after completing radiotherapy and/or ADT. The associations between biochemical failure, the interval to biochemical failure, and clinical factors with cause‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.RESULTS:There were 149 biochemical failures (21%), and short interval to biochemical failure accounted for 14% and 40% of biochemical failures in those with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk disease, respectively. Biochemical failure impacted CSS (P < .0001) but not OS (P = .36). However, a short interval to biochemical failure predicted decreased CSS (P < .0001; hazard ratio [HR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4‐13.0) and OS (P < .0001; HR, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.3‐10.3) when compared with a long interval to biochemical failure. The 8‐year OS was 78% without biochemical failure, compared with 87% with a long interval to biochemical failure (P = .1; HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4‐1.1) and 38% with a short interval to biochemical failure (P < .0001; HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.3‐5.9). On multivariate analysis, a short interval to biochemical failure increased the risk of prostate cancer death (P < .0001; HR, 18.1; 95% CI, 8.4‐39) and all cause mortality (P = .0027; HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐2.1), whereas a long interval to biochemical failure did not.CONCLUSIONS:The relation between the interval to biochemical failure, CSS, and OS was independently validated in patients treated with dose‐escalated EBRT. Further evaluation of the interval to biochemical failure as a surrogate endpoint is warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval to biochemical failure as a biomarker for cause‐specific and overall survival after dose‐escalated external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Kapadia

Olson

Sandler

et al. 2011

Cancer

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“…1 The majority of cLAD have usually been considered non-resectable and a combination treatment of external beam radiation and androgen deprivation might be chosen as primary management. 2,3 Recently, however, radical prostatectomy (RP) has also been carried out in selected patients with cLAD with an excellent oncological outcome reported by the present authors and other investigators. [4][5][6] Carver et al reported excellent long-term cancer control for selected clinical stage T3 prostate cancer patients treated with RP with 10-and 15-year cancer-specific survival rates of 85% and 76%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…These procedures are often associated with tedious bleeding from perirectal adipose tissue; however, the authors obtained satisfying surgical results and described their feasibility and safety in the study. 1 Excellent oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy for cT3 prostate cancer patients have been reported by the Mayo Clinic, 2 Johns Hopkins Hospital, 3 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; 4 however we should recall that these results were derived from extremely experienced surgeons and highly selected (biased) cT3 patients. Unlike these studies abroad , the majority (85.1%) of patients in this paper received neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT).…”

Section: Editorial Commenti Ju_2577 725731mentioning

confidence: 96%

Feasibility of antegrade radical prostatectomy for clinically locally advanced prostate cancer: a comparative study with clinically localized disease

Yamamoto¹,

Kawakami²,

Yonese³

et al. 2010

Int J of Urology

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Objectives:To investigate intraoperative and early postoperative complications of antegrade radical prostatectomy with intended wide resection (aRP) for clinically locally advanced prostate cancer (cLAD) and to compare with those of aRP for clinically localized prostate cancer (cLD). Methods: Between March 1994 and June 2007, 800 consecutive Japanese patients including 625 with cLD and 175 with cLAD underwent aRP and bilateral limited lymphadenectomy. Clinicopathological data including intraoperative and early postoperative complications (within 30 days after operation) were compared between cLD and cLAD groups. Results: No deaths occurred. Operative time and blood loss did not differ significantly between the groups. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications were observed in 11 (1.4%) and 123 (15.4%) of the entire cohort, respectively. Prevalent early postoperative complications were pelvic hematoma, wound infection, urinary retention and lymphocele or prolonged lymph drainage. There were no significant differences in the entire intraoperative and early postoperative complications between the groups. The majority of the early postoperative complications were minor. Conclusions: aRP for cLAD is technically feasible and a safe surgical procedure. If radical prostatectomy could be established as a standard treatment for cLAD in the future, aRP might be valuable as the first step of multimodal treatments.

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“…The optimal duration of ADT in men undergoing RT has been addressed in at least four trials, all of which suggest benefit from prolonged therapy [47,[53][54][55][56]. For example, in the largest trial, RTOG 92-02, 1,554 men with T2c-T4 disease received 4 months of goserelin and flutamide (2 months before and during EBRT) and were then randomly assigned to no further therapy or 24 months of additional goserelin.…”

Section: How Long Should Abiraterone Acetate Be Continued After Progrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Castration—Defining Future Directions in the Hormonal Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Niraula¹,

N.²,

Joshua³

2011

HORM CANC

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It is now almost 70 years since Charles Huggins described the relationship between testosterone and the prostate gland. Arguably defining one of the first targeted therapies, the reduction of testosterone to castrate levels remains unaltered as the standard of care for men with metastatic prostate cancer. The failure of castration to permanently control the growth of prostate cancer leads to a state called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

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Time to biochemical failure and prostate-specific antigen doubling time as surrogates for prostate cancer-specific mortality: evidence from the TROG 96.01 randomised controlled trial

Cited by 93 publications

References 29 publications

Interval to biochemical failure as a biomarker for cause‐specific and overall survival after dose‐escalated external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Interval to biochemical failure as a biomarker for cause‐specific and overall survival after dose‐escalated external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Feasibility of antegrade radical prostatectomy for clinically locally advanced prostate cancer: a comparative study with clinically localized disease

Beyond Castration—Defining Future Directions in the Hormonal Treatment of Prostate Cancer

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