Time-to-Digital Converters: A Literature Review and New Perspectives

El-Hadbi, Assia; Elissati, Oussama; Fesquet, Laurent

doi:10.1109/ebccsp.2019.8836857

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Analog circuits were susceptible to the influence of power supply voltage, so analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) was also required to digitize analog values. The accuracy is affected by the resolution of the timer performing the measurement [3]. The structure of the second-generation TDC uses all digital circuits and does not involve the problem analog circuits, and the intervals of time can be directly converted into digital codes.…”

Section: History Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status and applications of time-to-digital converters

Huang

2024

ACE

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Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is widely used to realize time interval measurement. The high-precision time measurement technique has important applications in the fields of laser ranging, particle identification, and radioactive nuclear medicine engineering. Based on the existing literature research and data, this paper studies the application areas of TDC in the present development and analyzes the future prospects of TDC applications. The research results showed that: TDC, based on signal screening, realizes time interval measurement as the ultimate purpose of building the system and, at the same time, completes the function of multi-pulse time interval measurement, which can meet the needs of more diversified measurements in the experiments. In the circuit structure, it can identify the feedback output in the all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) and the reference clock phase and frequency information between the feedback output and the reference clock in an ADPLL. It is also promising for use in other areas of high-precision time measurement and processing of circuit signals.

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Section: History Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays there are four main methods to measure time, which are Time Expanded Counting (TEC), TAC, Time Vernier and Tap Delay Line. They are all based on the time-to-digital conversion module to measure the length of time, and after the time-domain information, further measurements of other physical quantities are also possible [3].…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and applications of time-to-digital converters

Huang

2024

ACE

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“…The LCD output triggers a time-to-digital converter (TDC), to produce a digital count, which is a representation of the interval between level-crossing instants dt n [26]. A clock signal of time period T C is used for measuring the interval dt n .…”

Section: Level-crossing Sampling (Lcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed encoding of vibration signals using extremum sampling

Premanand

Sheeba

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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In this paper, we propose extremum sampling, an activity-dependent scheme for sampling and encoding of vibration signals in a compressed form. Vibration signals are generally utilized for the condition monitoring of mechanical systems, including launch vehicles. With the highest frequency among all the other sensor outputs, enormous data is collected if vibration signals are sampled at the Nyquist rate, leading to complicated analysis. Besides, there is a limitation of the available bandwidth in launch vehicles and wireless nodes. Conventional data compression methods have to operate on all the samples acquired at the uniform rate, which increases the computational complexity at the transmitter. The proposed extremum sampling method is based on level-crossing sampling, and hence it has the inherent noise tolerance depending upon the value of the inter-level distance. A sample is taken at a level-crossing instant, if there is a change of direction of the signal compared to the direction at the previous level-crossing instant. Compared to compressedsensing, extremum sampling offers a simple method for the real-time acquisition and reconstruction of the signal. Excellent compression ratios have been achieved with minimal reconstruction errors. Since the method accomplishes compression during the sampling process itself, the additional burden at the transmitter for subjecting all the acquired samples to a compression algorithm is evaded. The generation of fewer samples results in the reduction of dynamic power consumption at the transmitter, memory, and bandwidth requirements.

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“…Time measurements (time-to-digital conversion) [1]- [4] have always belonged to the class of the most demanded measurements since it is reasonable to reduce measurements of many heterogeneous physical quantities to time measurements. As modern methods and instruments for measuring time provide very high accuracy [5], these technologies are in demand in a wide range of fields and industries [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation of Accuracy Error for Time Interval Measurements

Bespal’ko,

Litvinenko,

Stepanovs

et al. 2024

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences

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A method of accuracy error compensation for the time interval is examined, allowing to decrease the dependence of accuracy error on the duration of measured intervals and minimising the influence of destabilising factors – ambient temperature changes and the initial deviation of the meter clock generator frequency from the nominal value. The compensation method is based on a calibration procedure that measures precise time intervals under conditions of changing ambient temperature. Then the dependence of the accuracy error on temperature for a particular meter is recorded. Based on these data, a correction table is compiled containing correction factors and temperature values at which these factors were determined. Under real measurement conditions, the correction factor corresponding to the current temperature is determined from the table for measured result correction. The table with correction factor values could be stored in the memory of the meter or processing computer. Experimental verification of the method showed that applying a correction for a meter with a standard XO class clock generator (certificated instability of ±50 ppm) could obtain an equivalent clock generator instability of ±0.15 ppm. The application of the method is efficient in cases where the use of high-end clocking to ensure the required measurement accuracy is not economically feasible.

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Time-to-Digital Converters: A Literature Review and New Perspectives

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Current status and applications of time-to-digital converters

Current status and applications of time-to-digital converters

Compressed encoding of vibration signals using extremum sampling

Compensation of Accuracy Error for Time Interval Measurements

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