Time to get shot of lead ammunition

Cromie, Ruth; Strong, Emily; Newth, Julia L.

doi:10.1002/vetr.2368

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Our study indicates that approximately half of the shotgun cartridges discharged recently in the sampled areas of coastal intertidal and riparian habitats in Scotland had contained lead ammunition, contrary to the lead regulations and 17-18 years after they came into force. Compliance in these habitats in Scotland may be higher than has been repeatedly observed in surveys of wild-shot ducks in England, where approximately 70% of birds are shot unlawfully using lead ammunition (30% compliance; Cromie et al, 2002Cromie et al, , 2010Cromie et al, , 2015Cromie et al, , 2022Stroud et al 2021). However, we conclude that efforts by shooting groups to encourage compliance with the regulations in Scotland seem to have had limited effectiveness so far in changing the practice of wildfowlers in Scotland after 18 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…However, monitoring of lead concentrations in samples of blood from live-captured wildfowl at Caerlaverock (Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland) during the 2010/2011 winter showed that 41% of birds (n = 145) had elevated concentrations (>20.0 μg/dL) (Newth et al 2012), despite 6 years having elapsed since the regulations came into force in Scotland. Studies of proportions of wild-shot ducks killed in England using lead shotgun ammunition showed that compliance with the lead regulations there has remained low (Cromie et al, 2002(Cromie et al, , 2010(Cromie et al, , 2015(Cromie et al, , 2022. The blood lead results from Caerlaverock suggested that the same might also be true in Scotland.…”

Section: Efforts To Enforce and Encourage Compliance With The Regulat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In England, compliance with the relevant regulations has been monitored in several shooting seasons by purchasing carcasses of wild-shot ducks from retailers, recovering shotgun pellets embedded in them and identifying their principal metal type (Cromie et al, 2002(Cromie et al, , 2010(Cromie et al, , 2015(Cromie et al, , 2022. This method is appropriate in England because the regulations there prohibit the shooting of all Anatidae (ducks and geese), Eurasian coot Fulica atra and common moorhen Gallinula chloropus with lead ammunition, regardless of which habitat they were in or over when shot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of regulations intended to reduce the use of lead shotgun ammunition in and over coastal intertidal and riparian habitats in Scotland

Green,

Goater,

Hodgson

et al. 2023

Conserv Evid Jour

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The use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands is banned in many countries because ingestion of spent shot causes lead poisoning of wildfowl. In Scotland (UK), the Environmental Protection (Restriction on Use of Lead Shot) (Scotland) (No. 2) Regulations 2004 were introduced to reduce the exposure of wildfowl to lead shot by making its use in wetlands unlawful. We assessed the degree to which the regulations are being complied with by wildfowlers by conducting analyses of the shot metal type contained within shotgun cartridges discarded in coastal intertidal and riparian habitats across Scotland. Despite efforts to encourage compliance with the regulations, which had been in force for 17-18 years at the time of the surveys, about half of the cartridges used appeared to have contained lead gunshot, indicating unlawful use. Hence, efforts to restrict the use of lead ammunition in coastal and riparian wetlands by regulation, with the intention of reducing the risk of lead poisoning of waterfowl, have had limited effectiveness so far.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Efforts To Enforce and Encourage Compliance With The Regulat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effectiveness of regulations intended to reduce the use of lead shotgun ammunition in and over coastal intertidal and riparian habitats in Scotland

Green,

Goater,

Hodgson

et al. 2023

Conserv Evid Jour

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Spatial and temporal variation in the prevalence of illegal lead shot in reared and wild mallards harvested in England

Strong,

Crowley,

Newth

et al. 2024

Environmental Pollution

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Lead poisoning of raptors: state of the science and cross‐discipline mitigation options for a global problem

Katzner,

Pain,

McTee

et al. 2024

Biological Reviews

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Lead poisoning is an important global conservation problem for many species of wildlife, especially raptors. Despite the increasing number of individual studies and regional reviews of lead poisoning of raptors, it has been over a decade since this information has been compiled into a comprehensive global review. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge of lead poisoning of raptors, we review developments in manufacturing of non‐lead ammunition, the use of which can reduce the most pervasive source of lead these birds encounter, and we compile data on voluntary and regulatory mitigation options and their associated sociological context. We support our literature review with case studies of mitigation actions, largely provided by the conservation practitioners who study or manage these efforts. Our review illustrates the growing awareness and understanding of lead exposure of raptors, and it shows that the science underpinning this understanding has expanded considerably in recent years. We also show that the political and social appetite for managing lead ammunition appears to vary substantially across administrative regions, countries, and continents. Improved understanding of the drivers of this variation could support more effective mitigation of lead exposure of wildlife. This review also shows that mitigation strategies are likely to be most effective when they are outcome driven, consider behavioural theory, local cultures, and environmental conditions, effectively monitor participation, compliance, and levels of raptor exposure, and support both environmental and human health.

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Time to get shot of lead ammunition

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Effectiveness of regulations intended to reduce the use of lead shotgun ammunition in and over coastal intertidal and riparian habitats in Scotland

Effectiveness of regulations intended to reduce the use of lead shotgun ammunition in and over coastal intertidal and riparian habitats in Scotland

Spatial and temporal variation in the prevalence of illegal lead shot in reared and wild mallards harvested in England

Lead poisoning of raptors: state of the science and cross‐discipline mitigation options for a global problem

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