Time to pregnancy among partners of men exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Modigh, Cecilia M; Bodin, Stéphane; Lillienberg, Linnéa; Dahlman-Höglund, Anna; Åkesson, Bengt; Axelsson, Gösta

doi:10.5271/sjweh.694

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The authors did not find statistically significant associations between DEHP metabolites and TTP, but they did observe longer TTP among wives of men who had high levels of monomethyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate and monobenzyl phthalate [ 6 ]. An occupational study of male workers exposed to DEHP in ambient air (269 pregnancies with TTP information among 153 men) was likewise unable to show prolonged TTP in the workers’ wives [ 33 ]. The internal exposure in that study was unknown since DEHP was measured in air and not urine, serum or semen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occupational phthalate exposure was associated with a prolonged TTP (TTP>6 month) in a study based on a job-exposure matrix of chemical exposure in the work place [ 7 ]. However, a study investigating paternal indoor air exposure to occupational DEHP found no association with couple TTP [ 33 ]. Similar, a recent study investigating couple fecundity did not find affected TTP by DEHP metabolites, they did however observe a longer TTP for men exposed to metabolites of benzylbutyl phthalates and dimethyl phthalates[ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Phthalate Levels and Time to Pregnancy in Couples from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine

et al. 2015

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Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals that have been associated with altered reproductive function in rodents. Several human studies have reported an inverse association between male testosterone and phthalate levels. Our aim was to investigate time to pregnancy (TTP) according to serum levels of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) metabolites in both partners. In 2002-2004 we enrolled 938 pregnant women and 401 male spouses from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. Six oxidized metabolites of DEHP and DiNP were summarized for each of the two parent compounds to provide proxies of the internal exposure. We used Cox discrete-time models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for men and women according to their proxy-DEHP or -DiNP serum levels adjusted for a fixed set of covariates.The FR was slightly elevated among women with high levels of DEHP (FR=1.14, 95% CI 1.00;1.30) suggesting a shorter TTP in these women. The FR was unrelated to DiNP in women, whereas the results for men were inconsistent pointing in opposite directions. First-time pregnant women from Greenland with high serum DiNP levels had a longer TTP. This study spanning large contrast in environmental exposure does not indicate adverse effects of phthalates on couple fecundity. The shorter TTP in women with high levels of DEHP metabolites is unexplained and needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Phthalate Levels and Time to Pregnancy in Couples from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine

et al. 2015

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“…98 They recruited couples in which the male partner was employed at plants producing or using DEHP (that is, plants processing PVC plastic); 227 couples participated and contributed 397 pregnancies. Exposure was estimated using air sampling measurements combined with questionnaires assessing work location and work tasks.…”

Section: Semen Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalates and Human Health

Hauser

Calafat²

2005

Occup Environ Med

826

538

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_________________________T he diesters of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid), commonly known as phthalates, are a group of man-made chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial applications (fig 1, table 1). High molecular weight phthalates (for example, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], di-isononyl phthalate [DiNP], di-n-octyl phthalate [DnOP]), are primarily used as plasticizers in the manufacture of flexible vinyl which, in turn, is used in consumer products, flooring and wall coverings, food contact applications, and medical devices.1-3 Manufacturers use low molecular weight phthalates (for example, diethyl phthalate [DEP] and dibutyl phthalate [DBP]) in personal-care products (for example, perfumes, lotions, cosmetics), as solvents and plasticizers for cellulose acetate, and in making lacquers, varnishes, and coatings, including those used to provide timed releases in some pharmaceuticals. [3][4][5] In this paper, we review the uses and metabolism of phthalates, and the studies on health effects of phthalates in human populations published between 1973 and June 2005. The references included in this review were searched using the Web of Science database which provides interactive citation and literature searching of the Institute for Scientific Information's Science Citation Index Expanded. The database contains data from more than 5000 scientific journals and covers the period from 1980 to present. We also searched the bibliography cited in the selected references for additional relevant citations. ROUTES OF EXPOSURE AND METABOLISM cBecause phthalates are widely used in many personal care and consumer products, the opportunity is high for non-occupational human exposure (table 1). However, to date, the proportional contribution from the various sources and routes of exposure to phthalates is unknown. Traditionally, ingestion has been considered an important route of exposure. Although phthalates have low volatility, they off-gas and are present in residential indoor air.6 7 Dermal contact 1 2 4 5 and parenteral exposure from medical devices containing phthalates may also contribute to exposure. On exposure, phthalates are rapidly metabolised and excreted in urine and faeces.1 2 4 5 During a phase I biotransformation, the relatively polar and low molecular weight phthalates (for example, DEP) primarily metabolise into their hydrolytic monoesters by hydrolysis of one of the ester bonds (fig 1). 4 9 In contrast, the high molecular weight phthalates are first metabolised to their respective hydrolytic monoesters, and then, after enzymatic oxidation of the alkyl chain, to more hydrophilic, oxidative metabolites (fig 2). 1 2 10-14 Monoesters and the oxidative metabolites of phthalates can be excreted in the urine and faeces unchanged or they can undergo phase II biotransformation to produce glucuronide conjugates with increased water solubility and therefore increased urinary excretion. Glucuronidation not only facilitates urinary excretion of phthalate metabolites, but also may reduce their potentia...

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“…Only limited information on reproductive effects of phthalates is available. Data in DEHP exposed male workers indicate that time to pregnancy is not prolonged with paternal exposure to DEHP (Modigh et al, 2002), although time-to-pregnancy is not considered a sensitive measurement of fertility. In contrast, a more recent study found a significant inverse association between concentrations of urinary MBzP and serum FSH, a reproductive hormone (Duty et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Q What Are the Potential Reproductive Effects Of Phthalates?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In women, phthalates have also been associated with endometriosis, which can be a cause of infertility (Cobellis et al, 2003). The existing data from human studies, however, is far from conclusive (Duty et al, 2005b;Hauser et al, 2005;Modigh et al, 2002;Rozati et al, 2002).…”

Section: Q Are Phthalates Dangerous To My Unborn Child?mentioning

confidence: 99%