Time-trend analysis of PAH and PCB sediment fluxes in the northern Baltic proper using different dating methods

Axelman, Johan; Bandh, Cecilia; Broman, Dag; Carman, Rolf; Jonsson, Per R.; Larsson, Hans-Ove; Linder, H. P.; Näf, Carina; Pettersen, Harald

doi:10.1071/mf9950137

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The burrowing of the amphipods feeding on the top millimeters mixes the sediment surface, which becomes a blend of the last few years' sedimentation. Additionally, the PCB concentration in Baltic sediments decreases very slowly [26] and could be assumed to be constant during the time span covered in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Wiklund

Axelman

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Processes such as accumulation and elimination, which control tissue concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were examined over time in an in situ study of the amphipod Monoporeia affinis. These processes were studied with respect to individual PCB congeners, percentage lipid and composition, and body weight. A secondary objective was to examine the impact of seasonal variability in percentage lipids and lipid composition on PCB concentration in two coexisting Baltic amphipods, M. affinis and Pontoporeia femorata. Polycholorinated biphenyl concentrations tended to be higher in P. femorata than in M. affinis, possibly because of P. femorata's lower respiration rate and larger size. The net accumulation of PCBs was congener dependent and negatively correlated to lipid concentration. The relation between the net concentration change rate of 16 PCB congeners over time and log Kow was not significant during the spring and summer months, a time when lipid accumulation and strong growth occur. In contrast, the net concentration change rate of the corresponding PCB congeners over time during autumn and early winter, that is, from the period before gonad maturation to the period after mating and early embryogenesis, showed a significant relation to tog Kow (r2 = 0.62, p < 0.001, n = 16). During the latter period, amphipod lipid weight was reduced while the PCB body burden increased. Results strongly indicate that elimination rather than accumulation is the main process controlling amphipod body burden. This pattern results in a transfer of PCBs from the female to the developing embryos, which is reflected in high PCB body burden in newly released offspring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Wiklund

Axelman

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Jonsson (2000) estimated the mean sedimentation rate (±standard deviation) in offshore areas of the Baltic Proper and the whole Baltic Sea area to be 3.2 (±2.4) and 5.4 (±5.1) mm year− 1 , respectively. The sedimentation rate in the Baltic Proper was also estimated by Axelman et al (1995) and Neumann et al (1997) to be in the range 0.8-2.9 mm year− 1 . Thus, considering geographical and temporal variations, the sedimentation rate was estimated to range from approximately 1 mm year− 1 to more than 1 cm year− 1 , indicating that the top 1-2 cm sediment zone examined in the present study was deposited within the preceding ca.…”

Section: Sediment Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Sundqvist

Tysklind

Cato

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In order to identify other hotspot areas and trace sources, comprehensive analysis of PCDD/Fs in surface sediments is needed in all areas of the Baltic Sea that have not been previously investigated. The high levels of PCDD/Fs observed in surface sediments also indicate a need to elucidate whether they are due mainly to current emissions or a combination of recent pollution and re-distribution of historically deposited pollutants. To do so, better understanding of sediment dynamics and present-day inputs, such as riverine inputs, industrial effluents, and leakage from contaminated soil is required. There are indications that contaminated sediments have a regional impact on fish contamination levels. However, as yet there is no statistically robust evidence linking contaminated sediments with elevated levels in Baltic biota. It should also be noted that the Baltic Sea is being massively invaded by the deep-burrowing polychaete Marenzielleria ssp., whose presence in sediments has been shown to increase water concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants. In awareness of this, it is clear that high levels in sediments cannot be ignored in risk assessments. In order to investigate the emission trends more thoroughly, analysis of PCDD/Fs in offshore sediment cores throughout the Baltic Sea is also recommended.

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“…For instance, data on the relative abundance of individual PCB congeners in a lake sediment [ Sanders et al , 1992] and in a peat core [ Sanders et al , 1995] showed no trend of decreasing relative amounts of less chlorinated congeners (Figure 2). Similarly, the congeneric composition in Baltic Sea sediments was found to be relatively constant in sediment layers from the period 1920–1990 [ Axelman et al , 1995]. Oliver et al [1989] found in a number of locations that the more recent sediment layers of Lake Erie actually contained a higher proportion of lower‐chlorinated congeners.…”

Section: Assessment Of Environmental Consistency Of a Large Ho· Sinkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global sinks of PCBs: A critical assessment of the vapor‐phase hydroxy radical sink emphasizing field diagnostics and model assumptions

Axelman

Gustafsson

2002

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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[1] Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the global biogeosphere. Based on extrapolation of reaction rates determined at temperatures in laboratory experiments that were 60-100 degrees above global average tropospheric temperatures, it has been suggested that the gas-phase reaction with the hydroxy radical (HOÁ) in the troposphere constitutes the strongly dominating sink for PCBs. An assessment of a broad set of field observations relevant to the actual environmental behavior of individual PCB congeners suggests that such an assertion should be treated with some caution. First, if the proposed reaction rates were applied to published tropospheric contents of individual PCB congeners, a continuous order-of-magnitude depletion of the lighter congeners relative to more chlorinated ones would be predicted. However, a large shift in PCB fingerprint is inconsistent with congener-specific sediment archives, where a disproportionate historical depletion of lighter PCBs cannot be found. Alternatively, such HOÁ-reaction rates would require a continuous source flux of PCBs to today's environment grossly enriched (again by several orders-of-magnitude) in lighter PCB congeners to counterbalance the implied selective congener losses; a scenario that is not supported by available information on emission rates. Further, the existence of a latitudinal trend in tropospheric concentrations, where the highest concentrations are found at lower latitudes, suggests that the fate of PCBs is controlled by temperature-driven partitioning processes rather than a HOÁ-reaction sink, which would be expected to be more efficient at lower latitudes. Finally, the observed tropospheric variability of individual PCB concentrations conform poorly with both the absolute values and congeneric trends in predicted reaction lifetimes. A reconciliation of these apparent discrepancies is attempted.

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Time-trend analysis of PAH and PCB sediment fluxes in the northern Baltic proper using different dating methods

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Global sinks of PCBs: A critical assessment of the vapor‐phase hydroxy radical sink emphasizing field diagnostics and model assumptions

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