Time trends and congener profiles of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs in Baltic herring off the coast of Finland during 1978–2009

Airaksinen, Riikka; Hallikainen, Anja; Rantakokko, Panu; Ruokojärvi, Päivi; Vuorinen, Pekka J.; Parmanne, Raimo; Verta, Matti; Mannio, Jaakko; Kiviranta, Hannu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.097

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We modeled an intake ending at 30 pg/day and 120 pg/day (TEQ), but starting 50 years earlier at a higher level, integrated backwards assuming a 10% annual decrease in intake. This is close to the observed decline in dioxin and PCB concentrations in Finnish population (Kiviranta et al, 1999), and decrease in concentrations in Baltic fish (Airaksinen et al, 2014). Thus the range of the study is approximately 1950-2000. This results in the following models.…”

Section: Modeling the Accumulation Of Pcdd/fs In Body Fatsupporting

confidence: 48%

A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes

et al. 2016

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Dioxins with long half-lives accumulate throughout the entire lifetime. Pharmacokinetic models predict the measured concentrations in populations. Dioxin concentrations in the body are predicted by age, animal source food and BMI. Dioxins may confound the role of ample animal source food in causing diseases. Diet and kinetics are vital in claiming causal roles of persistent pollutants in diseases. A number of studies have found an association between the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POP) and type 2 diabetes. Causality has remained uncertain. This study describes the pharmacokinetic behavior of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) both in a theoretical model based on elimination rate constants, and in a group of 409 adult surgical patients with known PCDD/F concentrations and dietary information. A model assuming 10% annual decrease in past PCDD/F intake, predicted the measured profile of TEQ (toxic equivalents) in the patient population fairly well. The dominant determinant of PCDD/F level was age, and the level in patients was also associated with consumption of animal source products. Predicted daily intakes correlated with diet, but also with body mass index (BMI), indicating that high BMI was preceded by high consumption of foods containing PCDD/Fs. The results suggest that a third factor, e.g. high intake of animal source foods, could explain both higher levels of POPs in the body and higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, and BMI is not sufficient in describing the confounding caused by diet. Thus, to fully address the causality between POPs and type 2 diabetes, careful studies considering the pharmacokinetics of the studied compounds, and including the analysis of food consumption, are needed.

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Section: Modeling the Accumulation Of Pcdd/fs In Body Fatsupporting

confidence: 48%

A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes

et al. 2016

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“…Also the Baltic herring has suffered from a high concentration of these environmental contaminants especially in the northern sea areas, where our study material originates. The dioxin concentrations were high in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, but a recent study shows that they have significantly decreased thereafter, being relatively low at present (Airaksinen et al 2014). This opposite trend of the dioxin concentration and gonad malformations of the herring thus suggests that dioxins may not be a root cause.…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Gonad Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This opposite trend of the dioxin concentration and gonad malformations of the herring thus suggests that dioxins may not be a root cause. In the Baltic herring, the time-series on dioxins is based on the analyses of whole fish (Airaksinen et al 2014), which leaves a possibility that their concentration is higher in gonads. This is improbable, however, as lipophilic substances like dioxins are deposited with lipids in the muscle tissue, which is the main lipid storage of the herring (Marmon et al 2009).…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Gonad Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological abnormalities in gonads of the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras): Description of types and prevalence in the northern Baltic Sea

Rajasilta

Elfving

Hänninen

et al. 2015

Ambio

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Due to heavy anthropogenic influence and variation of the environmental conditions in the Baltic Sea, reproductive disorders are becoming a major environmental concern. We show here an increasing prevalence of gonadal malformations in the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras), a key species of the Baltic ecosystem and important in commercial fishery. During 1987-2014, the spawning herring population in the Archipelago Sea (AS) (North Baltic Sea, Finland) was monitored annually and analyzed for gross morphology of the gonads [total number (n) of analyzed fish = 38 284]. Four different types of malformations were repeatedly found and named as asymmetric, rudimentary, segmented, and branched gonads, but also hermaphroditic gonads and miscellaneous (unidentified) disorders were recorded. In 2013, additional samplings (n of fish analyzed = 541) showed similar malformations in herring from the Bothnian Sea. In some gonad types, histological examination revealed disintegration of seminiferous tubules and hyperplasia of the interstitial tissue. In 2014, the overall prevalence of malformations was still relatively low in the AS (frequency = 0-3.4 %; n = 750) and had apparently minimal effect on population recruitment. However, an increasing trend in the time-series (GLM; F = 32.65; p\0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence in the Bothnian Sea (frequency = 0.7-5.0 %; n = 541; v 2 = 6.24; p\0.05) suggest that gonadal malformations may become a new threat for fish in the Baltic Sea. The observed gonad atrophies may be due to environmental endocrine disruption; however, also other explanations may exist and potential explanations are discussed.

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“…There are still knowledge gaps when it comes to the specifi c properties and risks of most BFRs. However, so-called lower brominated 9 PBDEs have since long been shown widespread in ecosystems, including in the Baltic Sea environment (Airaksinen et al 2014 ;Szlinder-Richert et al 2010 ), and are known to negatively affect hormone, reproductive and neurological systems in mammals (Birnbaum and Staskal 2004 ;Darnerud et al 2001 ;Eriksson et al 2001Eriksson et al , 2002Ilonka et al 2000 ). More recent studies have shown great concerns regarding human health effects as well (Eskenazi et al 2013 ;Herbstman et al 2010 ;Ward et al 2014 ).…”

Section: The Second Generation Brominated Organicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea

Gilek¹,

Karlsson²,

Linke³

et al. 2016

MARE Publication Series

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Time trends and congener profiles of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs in Baltic herring off the coast of Finland during 1978–2009

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes

A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes

Morphological abnormalities in gonads of the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras): Description of types and prevalence in the northern Baltic Sea

Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea

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