Time use and daily activities in people with persistent mental illness

Participation in day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities: Characteristics of occupations

“…This method has previously been found useful for investigating daily occupations among people with PD (10,19). The time-use diary was based on the one used in the Profiles of Occupational Engagement in people with Schizophrenia, POES (20).…”

Time use among individuals with persistent mental illness: Identifying risk factors for imbalance in daily activities

“…Recent research has focused on gaining more knowledge on what constitutes the optimal pattern of activities for individuals with PMI, in relation to health and wellbeing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The most developed method for investigating activity patterns is the time-use method, measuring the time spent in different categories of daily activities by using an activity diary [2,[13][14][15].…”

“…Recent studies [6,7,12,20] have revealed that people with PMI sleep a lot during a 24-hour period, and long periods spent sleeping have been shown to be associated with lower levels of health, mastery, quality of life and social interaction [9]. The findings in this latter study indicated that the daily rhythm of some individuals sometimes became imbalanced, and those who turned their daily rhythm around [sleeping during the day-time and being active at night], or had a daily rhythm characterised by low levels of activity, seemed to have lower perceived levels of mastery and social interaction than two other groups, identified as a high-activity group and a balanced group.…”

“…In order to identify groups of individuals with different kinds of daily rhythm, the TTA diurnal variable and the RS nocturnal variable were dichotomised at the median value and combined to define four daily rhythm groups, as described by Leufstadius and associates [9]. Two of them, the balanced group and the high-activity group, were combined in the present study to form a group, called the beneficial group in the light of the findings that these groups were associated with better mastery and social interaction in a previous study [9]. The other two groups, the low-activity group and turned-around group, were combined to form the adverse group in the present study, since they were characterised by lower levels of mastery and social interaction.…”

Using a time-geographical diary method in order to facilitate reflections on changes in patterns of daily occupations

“…Time-geography has been used in occupational therapy and occupational science research, for example, with a view to examining the relationship between time, place, and social networks in everyday school routines (17,18), to describe the everyday life of adolescents with poor vision (19), to study women's efforts to take control of their everyday life (20), to develop understanding of occupational patterns (8,21,22) and to describe time use among people with persistent mental illness (23)(24)(25). In order to make well-informed empirically grounded descriptions and analyses of everyday life, the visualization method has been developed further (1) and an activity path (graph) that illustrates the sequences of activities performed (when, where, and with whom) over 24 hours has been shown to be useful for recognition of the complexities in patterns of daily occupations (16,20,21).…”