Timeless Plays an Important Role in Compound Eye-Dependent Photic Entrainment of the Circadian Rhythm in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Moriyama, Yoshiyuki; Takeuchi, Kazuki; Shinohara, Tsugumichi; Miyagawa, Koichi; Matsuka, Mirai; Yoshii, Taishi; Tomioka, Kenji

doi:10.2108/zs220011

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The other feedback loop is based on the two cry genes, cry1 (a Drosophila -type cry ), which is a light sensitive photopigment, and cry2 , a light insensitive mammalian-type cry [ 39 , 49 ]. This second feedback loop involves the upregulation of PAR domain protein 1 ( Pdp1 ) and c-fosB [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Response of Circadian Clock Genes to an ‘Artificial Light at Night’ Pulse in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Levy

Fishman

Barnea

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Light is the major signal entraining the circadian clock that regulates physiological and behavioral rhythms in most organisms, including insects. Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the natural light–dark cycle and negatively impacts animals at various levels. We simulated ALAN using dim light stimuli and tested their impact on gene expression in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, a model of insect physiology and chronobiology. At night, adult light–dark-regime-raised crickets were exposed for 30 min to a light pulse of 2–40 lx. The relative expression of five circadian-clock-associated genes was compared using qPCR. A dim ALAN pulse elicited tissue-dependent differential expression in some of these genes. The strongest effect was observed in the brain and in the optic lobe, the cricket’s circadian pacemaker. The expression of opsin-Long Wave (opLW) was upregulated, as well as cryptochrome1-2 (cry) and period (per). Our findings demonstrate that even a dim ALAN exposure may affect insects at the molecular level, underscoring the impact of ALAN on the circadian clock system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Response of Circadian Clock Genes to an ‘Artificial Light at Night’ Pulse in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Levy

Fishman

Barnea

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The molecular mechanism underlying CRY-dependent entrainment is currently well understood. In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, RNAi of TIM gene expression in the photic entrainment mechanism disrupted the entrainment to light-dark cycles, as TIM protein levels showed daily cycling characterized by an increase during the night and reduction with exposure to light [44]. In our current study, the increase of TIM and PER expression of F. occidentalis during photophase is explained by their autoregulation through the induction of their gene expressions by the derepressed CYC-CLK dimer in the nucleus based on the circadian clock of Drosophila model [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel Rhythm of Feeding and Mating Behaviors of the Western Flower Thrips, <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>

Kim¹,

Akter²,

Kim³

2023

Preprint

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The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is invasive and polyphagous. Its visual signal plays a crucial role in host location, suggesting that thrips has diurnal behavior. However, any diel rhythmicity of the thrips behavior is not yet well understood. This study analyzed the diurnal rhythmicity of the feeding and mating behaviors of thrips, and the patterns were explained in terms of diel rhythmicity by assessing the expression of genes associated with the circadian clock. Most feeding behaviors were observed during photophase in both larvae and adults. In mating behavior, which is mainly exhibited in 2~3 days-old young adults after emergence, most adults copulated at photophase. This diurnal pattern of the mating behavior was further supported by the analysis of a temporal calling behavior for mating, which was biased toward photophase. Four genes associated with the circadian clock were predicted in the F. occidentalis genome: period (PER), Timeless (TIM), Doubletime (DBT), and clock (CLK). All these genes exhibited a characteristic diel pattern in their gene expressions in a 24 h-period. The high expression peaks of these genes except for DBT were observed at photophase. To confirm the functional association of these genes with the feeding and mating behaviors, individual RNA interference specific to each gene was executed by feeding the gene-specific double-stranded RNA. Aside from DBT, suppression of these gene expressions resulted in significant deviations of the diel rhythms of the behaviors. These results suggest that the genetic components of the diel rhythmicity mediate the diurnal feeding and mating behaviors of F. occidentalis.

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“…Our model organism, the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, is a ground-dwelling species exhibiting distinct diel stridulation and locomotion cycles (Fabre et al, 1921; Levy, et al, 2024). Crickets in the laboratory demonstrate temporal shifts in both these activity patterns in response to changes in illumination regimes (Germ & Tomioka, 1998; Levy et al, 2021, 2023; Loher, 1979; Moriyama et al, 2022; Tomioka & Chiba, 1982). Additionally, temporal, circadian variations in gene expression patterns have been observed in the cricket (Levy et al, 2022; Moriyama et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crickets in the laboratory demonstrate temporal shifts in both these activity patterns in response to changes in illumination regimes (Germ & Tomioka, 1998; Levy et al, 2021, 2023; Loher, 1979; Moriyama et al, 2022; Tomioka & Chiba, 1982). Additionally, temporal, circadian variations in gene expression patterns have been observed in the cricket (Levy et al, 2022; Moriyama et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our experimental model, the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, is a ground-dwelling species exhibiting distinct diel stridulation and locomotion cycles. Crickets demonstrate temporal shifts in both these activity patterns in response to changes in illumination regimes (12, 25–28). Additionally, temporal, circadian variations in gene expression patterns have been observed in the cricket (28, 29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Night Becomes Day: Artificial Light at Night Alters Insect Behavior under Semi-Natural Conditions

Levy,

Wegrzyn,

Moaraf

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Light is the most importantZeitgeberfor temporal synchronization in most organisms. Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the natural light-dark rhythmicity and thus negatively affects animal behavior. However, to date, ALAN research has been mostly conducted under laboratory conditions. Here, we used the field cricket,Gryllus bimaculatus, to investigate the effect of ALAN on insect behavior under semi-natural conditions. Male crickets were placed individually in outdoor enclosures and exposed to ALAN conditions ranging from 0 to 1,500 lux intensity. The crickets’ stridulation behavior was recorded for 14 consecutive days and nights and their daily stridulation activity patterns were analysed. ALAN impaired the crickets’ stridulation rhythm, evoking a light-intensity-dependent increase in individual free-run behavior, and in the population’s median activity cycle period. The observed ALAN-intensity-dependent desynchronization occurred despite the crickets’ exposure to almost natural conditions. Our findings reconfirm and further establish the severe impacts of ALAN on animal behavioral patterns.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn most animals, the rhythmic cycle of day and night serves for timekeeping and for synchronizing daily activity within the individual animal and among the population. Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts this natural diurnal cycle. However, our knowledge on the negative impacts of ALAN on insect behavior is still limited. To this end, we exposed adult male crickets to different ALAN intensities under shaded natural lighting and temperature conditions and monitored their stridulation behavior for two consecutive weeks. Despite the semi-natural experimental conditions, our findings reveal ALAN-induced light-intensity-dependent free-run behavior, and thus loss of timekeeping and an ALAN-intensity-dependent desynchronization of the population. This demonstration of anthropogenic effects on animal behavior in natural settings underscores the ecological threats of ALAN.

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Timeless Plays an Important Role in Compound Eye-Dependent Photic Entrainment of the Circadian Rhythm in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Transcriptional Response of Circadian Clock Genes to an ‘Artificial Light at Night’ Pulse in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Transcriptional Response of Circadian Clock Genes to an ‘Artificial Light at Night’ Pulse in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Diel Rhythm of Feeding and Mating Behaviors of the Western Flower Thrips, <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>

When Night Becomes Day: Artificial Light at Night Alters Insect Behavior under Semi-Natural Conditions

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