Timely identification of children with cancer

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Background. Cancer in childhood is rare, but nevertheless one of the most frequent causes of disease related death. Initial symptoms are often unspecific, frequently leading to a delay of cancer diagnosis. As a timely diagnosis can be crucial for the clinical outcome, our aim is to point out when unspecific symptoms should be considered suspect of being associated with specific cancer entities. Data sources. A systematic literature research in PubMed and current biliographies, as well as an evaluation of published epidemiologic data was performed. Results. This article reviews the typical presenting features and epidemiologic characteristics of the more common childhood malignancies, elucidates when specific and virtually unspecific symptoms require further evaluation, and gives advice how to start a rational diagnostic workup. Furthermore, genetic syndromes requiring increased watchfulness for cancer in childhood are demonstrated. Conclusion. Patients showing suspect symptoms should early be referred to specialized centres to assure optimal diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.</jats:p>

The impact of the route to diagnosis in nephroblastoma

“…It is well acknowledged that early diagnosis and treatment of cancer increases the chances of a cure and reduces the risk of toxic side effects. 10,11 This in turn leads to an improved quality of life for cancer survivors. 12 The route to diagnosis of cancer depends on interactions between a patient and the healthcare system that is responsible for an early diagnosis.…”

“…The main focus of this paper is to show the impact of different routes to diagnosis on tumor burden as a hint to time of diagnosis and outcome. It is well acknowledged that early diagnosis and treatment of cancer increases the chances of a cure and reduces the risk of toxic side effects 10,11 . This in turn leads to an improved quality of life for cancer survivors 12 .…”

“…29 In a review by Starke et al advice is given on how to start the diagnostic workup based on presenting features and epidemiological data. 10 Therefore, it is important to educate physicians not only about CPSs and their distinctive signs, but also about when to consider one as a possible diagnosis in a child. 30 This will enable more patients to benefit from an early diagnosis.…”