Timescales and mechanisms of plume–lithosphere interactions: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and geochemistry of alkaline igneous rocks from the Paraná–Etendeka large igneous province

Gibson, S. A.; Thompson, R. N.; Day, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.08.004

Cited by 187 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Over 80% of all reconstructed kimberlite locations of the past 320 Ma erupted near or over the sub-African plume generation zone defined by large-scale low shear-wave anomalies at the base of the mantle (Becker and Boschi, 2002). Such an association lends strong support to the superplume model of kimberlite formation (Haggerty, 1994) (c) Gibson et al (2006) and investigated the time-space relationship between small-volume, volatile-rich and highly potassic continental melt fractions, such as kimberlites and related rocks, and large-volume continental flood basalts (CFBs). These studies noted that at least six Phanerozoic and one Mesoproterozoic flood basalt eruption(s) are associated with kimberlites and similar rock types (such as lamproites and lamprophyres) on different continents.…”

Section: Kimberlite-flood Basalt Associationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1). With the exception of minor kimberlite which was emplaced earlier (~300 Ma), the majority of Permian magmatism in Tarim took place over 10 Ma, a time interval comparable to some other LIPs (e.g., ParanaEtendeka, Gibson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Does Diverse Early Permian Magmatism In Tarim Belong To a Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Emeishan LIP, contemporaneous layered intrusions, syenites and A-type granites co-exist with basalts (Xu et al, 2001). Geochronology reveals that these diverse rocks are either coeval with tholeiitic lavas, or pre-date or postdate the main eruption stage, the total duration of magmatism of LIPs ranges from less than 1 Ma to over 10 Ma (Courtillot and Renne, 2003;Gibson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Does Diverse Early Permian Magmatism In Tarim Belong To a Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local melting of the SCLM is possibly triggered by heating of upwelling mantle plume and by melt percolation, especially when water and fusible components are present (Gibson et al, 2006;Gallagher and Hawkesworth, 1992;Turner et al, 1996). When the SCLM undergoes extension and/ or heating, some of the earliest melts to be generated are mafic and rich in volatiles and potassium (McKenzie, 1989).…”

Section: Evidence For Lithospheric Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These different modes of plume involvement create distinct features in LIPs. Specifically, flood basalts generated by adiabatic melting in a convecting mantle regime generally have rapid eruption rates (over a few million years) (Campbell, 2001(Campbell, , 2005Gibson et al, 2006). In contrast, magmatism related to melting Lithos 204 (2014) [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) due to conductive heating by an incubating mantle plume (Gibson et al, 1995a,b;Gallagher and Hawkesworth, 1992;Kent et al, 1992;Turner et al, 1996) commonly have a relatively low eruption rate (over tens million years) and display a lithospheric geochemical fingerprint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province: Main characteristics and a plume incubation model

Wei

Luo

et al. 2014

Lithos

250

160

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Section: Kimberlite-flood Basalt Associationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Does Diverse Early Permian Magmatism In Tarim Belong To a Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Does Diverse Early Permian Magmatism In Tarim Belong To a Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Lithospheric Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province: Main characteristics and a plume incubation model

Wei

Luo

et al. 2014

Lithos

250

160

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Major influence of plume‐ridge interaction, lithosphere thickness variations, and global mantle flow on hotspot volcanism—The example of Tristan

Gassmöller

Dannberg

Bredow

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Hotspot tracks are thought to originate when mantle plumes impinge moving plates. However, many observed cases close to mid-ocean ridges do not form a single age-progressive line, but vary in width, are separated into several volcanic chains, or are distributed over different plates. Here we study plume-ridge interaction at the example of the Tristan plume, which features all of these complexities. Additionally, the South Atlantic formed close to where plume volcanism began, opening from the south and progressing northward with a notable decrease in magmatism across the Florianopolis Fracture Zone. We study the full evolution of the Tristan plume in a series of three-dimensional regional models created with the convection code ASPECT. We then compute crustal thickness maps and compare them to seismic profiles and the topography of the South Atlantic. We find that the separation of volcanism into the Tristan and Gough chain can be explained by the position of the plume relative to the ridge and the influence of the global flow field. Plume material below the off-ridge track can flow toward the ridge and regions of thinner lithosphere, where decompression melting leads to the development of a second volcanic chain resembling the Tristan and Gough hotspot tracks. Agreement with the observations is best for a small plume buoyancy flux of 500 kg/s or a low excess temperature of 150 K. The model explains the distribution of syn-rift magmatism by hot plume material that flows into the rift and increases melt generation.

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Madagascar's escape from Africa: A high‐resolution plate reconstruction for the Western Somali Basin and implications for supercontinent dispersal

Phethean

Kalnins

Hunen

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Accurate reconstructions of the dispersal of supercontinent blocks are essential for testing continental breakup models. Here, we provide a new plate tectonic reconstruction of the opening of the Western Somali Basin during the breakup of East and West Gondwana. The model is constrained by a new comprehensive set of spreading lineaments, detected in this heavily sedimented basin using a novel technique based on directional derivatives of free‐air gravity anomalies. Vertical gravity gradient and free‐air gravity anomaly maps also enable the detection of extinct mid‐ocean ridge segments, which can be directly compared to several previous ocean magnetic anomaly interpretations of the Western Somali Basin. The best matching interpretations have basin symmetry around the M0 anomaly; these are then used to temporally constrain our plate tectonic reconstruction. The reconstruction supports a tight fit for Gondwana fragments prior to breakup, and predicts that the continent‐ocean transform margin lies along the Rovuma Basin, not along the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ) as commonly thought. According to our reconstruction, the DFZ represents a major ocean‐ocean fracture zone formed by the coalescence of several smaller fracture zones during evolving plate motions as Madagascar drifted southwards, and offshore Tanzania is an obliquely rifted, rather than transform, margin. New seismic reflection evidence for oceanic crust inboard of the DFZ strongly supports these conclusions. Our results provide important new constraints on the still enigmatic driving mechanism of continental rifting, the nature of the lithosphere in the Western Somali Basin, and its resource potential.

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Timescales and mechanisms of plume–lithosphere interactions: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and geochemistry of alkaline igneous rocks from the Paraná–Etendeka large igneous province

Cited by 187 publications

References 68 publications

The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province: Main characteristics and a plume incubation model

The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province: Main characteristics and a plume incubation model

Major influence of plume‐ridge interaction, lithosphere thickness variations, and global mantle flow on hotspot volcanism—The example of Tristan

Madagascar's escape from Africa: A high‐resolution plate reconstruction for the Western Somali Basin and implications for supercontinent dispersal

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