Timing and causes of the distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis estimated by molecular and geologic data

Abstract

19As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, Oncomelania hupensis 20 plays an irreplaceable role in the prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica. Several living 21 subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis are found in Asia, especially in China, Japan,the