“…Recoveries of foreign birds ringed during the breeding period and on autumn migration indicated three different routes toward Italy: a southwest route from Central and East Europe (southern Poland, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary), one from the Baltic region (northern Poland, Baltic Republics, Finland and Russia), and a south-southeast route from Switzerland and eastern France. High frequencies of high fat score birds are recorded during the most intense phases of the autumn movements (Busse & Maksalon 1986, Schubert et al 1986, Andreotti et al 1999, Thomson 2002, Huttunen 2004, Bønløkke et al 2006, Milwright 2006, Fransson & Hall-Karlsson 2008, Klvaňa 2008, Spina & Volponi 2008, Budinski 2013, Bairlein et al 2014, Busse et al 2014, Valkama et al 2014.…”