Timing and Tempo of First-Year Rapid Growth in Relation to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile in Early Adulthood

Leunissen, Ralph W. J.; Kerkhof, Gerthe F.; Stijnen, Theo; Hokken-Koelega, Anita

doi:10.1001/jama.2009.761

Cited by 446 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…96 Consistent with this finding is the observation that fast weight gain in the first 3 months of life is inversely associated with insulin sensitivity and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, whereas is positively associated with waist circumference, acute insulin response, ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and level of triglycerides in early adulthood. 107 Finally, a large study on adults with coronary events showed that the association of low-birth weight and rapid weight gain after the age of 2 years was associated with insulin resistance and risk of coronary events in later life. 108 These findings could be explained by the fact that infants who have experienced intrauterine growth Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the early exposure to high nutrient intake and rapid weight gain in infancy are associated with metabolic risk in adolescence and adulthood. 96,107,113 Innovative feeding strategies should be finely balanced to guarantee appropriate brain development and catch-up growth, without exposing the infant to postnatal nutritional programming. 113 Future research will test the feasibility and effectiveness of targeted nutritional interventions at different stages of development (from periconceptual time to puberty) in preventing or reversing the epigenetic programming.…”

Section: Towards Targeted Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on liver and long-term metabolic risk

Cianfarani

Agostoni

Bedogni³

et al. 2012

Int J Obes

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Intrauterine growth retardation predisposes toward long-term morbidity from type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. To explain this association, the concept of programming was introduced to indicate a process whereby a stimulus or insult at a critical period of development has lasting or lifelong consequences on key endocrine and metabolic pathways. Subtle changes in cell composition of tissues, induced by suboptimal conditions in utero, can influence postnatal physiological functions. There is increasing evidence, suggesting that liver may represent one of the candidate organs targeted by programming, undergoing structural, functional and epigenetic changes following exposure to an unfavorable intrauterine environment. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying liver programming that contribute to increase the cardiometabolic risk in subjects with intrauterine growth restriction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards Targeted Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on liver and long-term metabolic risk

Cianfarani

Agostoni

Bedogni³

et al. 2012

Int J Obes

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“…Rapid early infant weight gain predisposes to an adverse metabolic phenotype in later life, with increased risk of overweight 2, central adiposity and insulin resistance 3. The type of infant milk feeding (exclusive breast feeding, formula feeding or mixing feeding), as well as specific dietary compositions and volume of intake, may be important factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast milk nutrient content and infancy growth

Prentice

Ong

Schoemaker³

et al. 2016

Acta Paediatrica

158

117

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AimBenefits of human breast milk (HM) in avoiding rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity could relate to its nutrient content. We tested the hypothesis that differential HM total calorie content (TCC) or macronutrient contents may be associated with infancy growth.Methods HM hindmilk samples were collected at ages 4–8 weeks from 614 mothers participating in a representative birth cohort, with repeated infancy anthropometry. HM triglyceride (fat), lipid analytes and lactose (carbohydrate) were measured by 1H‐NMR, and protein content by the Dumas method. TCC and %macronutrients were determined.ResultsIn 614 HM samples, fat content was as follows: [median(IQR)]: 2.6 (1.7–3.6) g/100 mL, carbohydrate: 8.6 (8.2–8.8) g/100 mL, protein: 1.2 (1.1–1.2) g/100 mL; TCC: 61.8 (53.7–71.3) kcal/100 mL. HM of mothers exclusively breast feeding vs. mixed feeding was more calorific with higher %fat, lower %carbohydrate and lower %protein. Higher HM TCC was associated with lower 12‐months body mass index (BMI)/adiposity, and lower 3–12 months gains in weight/BMI. HM %fat was inversely related to 3–12 months gains in weight, BMI and adiposity, whereas %carbohydrate was positively related to these measures. HM %protein was positively related to 12‐months BMI.Conclusion HM analysis showed wide variation in %macronutrients. Although data on milk intakes were unavailable, our findings suggest functional relevance of HM milk composition to infant growth.

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“…childhood 33,34 and in adolescence 35 and for several determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. 36 Further studies are required to investigate whether and when a critical window during which infant weight gain programs later health exists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight and weight gain during early infancy predict childhood obesity: a case-cohort study

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Infant weight and weight gain are positively associated with later obesity, but whether there is a particular critical time during infancy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate when and how weight and weight gain during infancy become associated with childhood obesity. METHODS: In a cohort representing 28 340 children born from 1959-67 and measured in Copenhagen schools, 962 obese children (2007 World Health Organization criteria), were compared with a 5% randomly selected sub-cohort of 1417 children. Information on weight at birth, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9 months was retrieved from health visitors' records. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for childhood obesity by tertiles of weight at each age and by change in tertiles of weight between two consecutive measurements were estimated using multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for indicators of socioeconomic status, preterm birth, and breastfeeding. RESULTS: Compared with children in the middle weight-tertile, children with a weight in the upper tertile had a 1.36-fold (CI, 1.10-1.69) to 1.72-fold (CI, 1.36-2.18) higher risk of childhood obesity from birth through 9 months, whereas children in the lower weight-tertile had almost half the risk of obesity from 2 through 9 months. The risk of childhood obesity associated with change in weight-tertile in each interval was stable at B1.5-fold per weight-tertile increase throughout infancy. CONCLUSIONS: Infant weight and weight gain are associated with obesity in childhood already during the first months of life. Determinants of weight gain shortly after birth may be a suitable target for prevention of obesity.

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Timing and Tempo of First-Year Rapid Growth in Relation to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile in Early Adulthood

Cited by 446 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on liver and long-term metabolic risk

Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on liver and long-term metabolic risk

Breast milk nutrient content and infancy growth

Weight and weight gain during early infancy predict childhood obesity: a case-cohort study

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