Timing Channels in Bluetooth Low Energy

Fafoutis, Xenofon; Tsimbalo, Evgeny; Piechocki, Robert J.

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2016.2574311

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It can be seen as a combination of ideas from different works. Duty cycling [14,15] is a common approach to enable power-saving state of sensor devices; however, we use a unique synchronization mechanism. The medium access incorporating duty cycling to improve energy efficiency can be achieved by modification of link-layer protocol, such as in [13], or it can be influenced by the application protocol as in our case, which eliminates the need for modification of the existing protocol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EEMIP: Energy-Efficient Communication Using Timing Channels and Prioritization in ZigBee

Gočal

Macko

2019

Sensors

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With the expansion of the Internet-of-Things, energy-efficient communication is becoming vital. The communication among energy-limited devices (e.g., powered by batteries or harvesting the energy from their environment) must be energy-efficient, prolonging their lifetime or increasing data throughput. This article aims at proposing energy-efficient periodic communication for devices over the ZigBee protocol and powered by a battery. We propose using timing channels for different data priorities, thus, more important data are sent more frequently. The priority is also considered in case of congested traffic, where a central device (coordinator) prioritizes more important communication. We have implemented a simulator, which serves for verification of the proposed solution, and conducted experiments comparing the proposed EEMIP method with the standard nonbeacon ZigBee communication. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more energy efficient.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that when the energy used is higher than the energy obtained, the duty cycles are reduced to reduce energy consumption. The authors of [14] proposed dividing BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication into time channels. Information is divided into time intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEMIP: Energy-Efficient Communication Using Timing Channels and Prioritization in ZigBee

Gočal

Macko

2019

Sensors

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“…For even longer term operation, in the not connected state the SPHERE CC2650 is programmed to run an adapted version of the Pan-Tompkins algorithm [18] for heart beat detection from the ECG. This allows the user's heart rate to be extracted on the wearable itself, with this data transmitted making use of the Bluetooth advertising packets as described in [19]. This allows the heart rate information to be wirelessly transmitted without having to power up and connect the full Bluetooth stack.…”

Section: B Iot Back-endmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficient heart rate sensing using a painted electrode ECG wearable

Krachunov

Beach

Casson

et al. 2017

2017 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)

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Many countries are facing burdens on their health care systems due to ageing populations. A promising strategy to address the problem is to allow selected people to remain in their homes and be monitored using recent advances in wearable devices, saving in-hospital resources. With respect to heart monitoring, wearable devices to date have principally used optical techniques by shining light through the skin. However, these techniques are severely hampered by motion artifacts and are limited to heart rate detection. Further, these optical devices consume a large amount of power in order to receive a sufficient signal, resulting in the need for frequent battery recharging. To address these shortcomings we present a new wrist ECG wearable that is similar to the clinical approach for heart monitoring. Our device weighs less than 30 g, and is ultra low power, extending the battery lifetime to over a month to make the device more appropriate for in-home health care applications. The device uses two electrodes activated by the user to measure the voltage across the wrists. The electrodes are made from a flexible ink and can be painted on to the device casing, making it adaptable for different shapes and users. In this paper we show how the ECG sensor can be integrated into an existing IoT wearable and compare the device's accuracy against other common commercial devices.

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“…Body area information such as body vital signs, human motions, and surrounding environment status can be measured and wirelessly reported to telehealth providers or seamlessly integrated with patients' medical record without interrupting their normal activities [2]. Various wireless networking technologies and communication protocols such as IEEE 802.15.4 [3], ZigBee [4], Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [5], and Wi-Fi [6] have been designed as the options for short-range WBANs. Despite the improvement, two big intrinsic challenges still remain for WBANs, which are (1) the absence of ambient information related to the physiological data (which could introduce sensing cognition difficulty or even bias) and (2) battery life bottleneck incurred by wearable device proliferation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Time Switching and Transmission Scheduling for Wireless-Powered Body Area Networks

Zhu

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Mobile Information Systems

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Outfitting humans with on-body/in-body sensor nodes, wireless body area networks (WBANs) are positioned as the key technology to enhance future telehealth service. The newly emerged wireless power transfer (WPT) and energy harvesting (EH) technology provides a potential of continuous power supply for WBANs. Since the radio frequency (RF) signals can carry energy as well as information at the same time, the time switching between the WPT phase and the wireless information transfer (WIT) phase should be carefully scheduled. By considering a telehealth application scenario (in which multiple patients coexist in a ward and each of them is monitored by multiple sensor nodes), this paper proposes to allocate the duty cycles for the WPT and WIT phases and schedule the transmission time for the WIT links in a joint manner. First, a frame structure for simultaneous information and power transfer (SWIPT) is designed over the time-and-spectrum domain. With the aim to satisfy the minimum rate demands of all the sensor nodes, the optimal duty time for the WPT phase and the optimal transmission time for the WIT links are jointly found by using the convex optimization technique. Finally, a fast algorithm is developed to search the optimal solution by introducing an admission control. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively exploit the broadcasting property of RF energy radiation. If the network load were controlled below a certain level, the rate demands of all the sensor nodes in the network can be satisfied.

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Timing Channels in Bluetooth Low Energy

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

EEMIP: Energy-Efficient Communication Using Timing Channels and Prioritization in ZigBee

EEMIP: Energy-Efficient Communication Using Timing Channels and Prioritization in ZigBee

Energy efficient heart rate sensing using a painted electrode ECG wearable

Joint Time Switching and Transmission Scheduling for Wireless-Powered Body Area Networks

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