Timing characteristics of reactive and proactive emotion regulation

EEG-based multivariate pattern analysis reveals the control mechanisms of emotion regulation through distancing

“…The frontal LPP has been linked to cognitive effort and it has been shown that compared with the watch condition, the reappraisal condition requires more effort ( Bernat et al., 2011 ; Moser et al., 2014 ; Shafir et al., 2015 ). The results of this study are consistent with a previous study ( Wang et al., 2022 ). However, the two reappraisal conditions did not differ in the LPP amplitude, which indicated that although both reactive and proactive ER exerted the same cognitive effort, proactive ER had a better regulatory effect than reactive ER.…”

“…Participants performed the experiment in a soundproof room. We based our study design on a previously validated ER task ( Wang et al., 2022 ). The experimental task was performed using a program designed with E-Prime 2.0 (Psychology Software Tools).…”

“…Considering previous studies and grand mean mapping ( Barry et al., 2020 ; Masson & Bidet-Caulet, 2019 ; Squires et al., 1975 ), cue-locked P3a was calculated using a time window of 100 ms (200 to 300 ms) at fronto-central electrodes (Fz, FCz, Cz). According to a previous study ( Wang et al., 2022 ), stimulus-locked LPP was calculated using a time window of 500 ms (1800–2300 ms) at Fz.…”

“…On the other hand, we expected that the preparation process may lead to an earlier onset of ER. Accordingly, the significant above-chance difference should occur earlier in proactive ER ( Wang et al., 2022 ). A third possibility is that the preparation process may alter the neural activity pattern of the regulation process.…”

Proactive and reactive language control in bilingual language production revealed by decoding sustained potentials and electroencephalography oscillations

“…Off‐line processing was conducted for all trials. No trials were deleted to meet the requirement of the decoding method (see below) so that we can keep the number of trials the same in each condition ( n = 80), a practice recommended and adopted in MVPA analyses (e.g., Bae & Luck, 2018; Wang et al, 2022). We filtered EEG data by applying a low pass filter at 30 Hz and a high pass filter at 0.1 Hz with basic filter in EEGLab (https://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab), re‐referenced the electrodes to the average of the linked mastoids, and rejected artifacts caused by eye movements (Gratton et al, 1983).…”