Timing improved by the use of dynode signals studied with different scintillators and photomultipliers

Bengtson, B.; Moszyński, M.

doi:10.1016/0167-5087(82)90088-6

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…By using the dynode for timing the parasitic effect from electrons traveling from the penultimate dynode to the last dynode is avoided [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the dynode signal has been described in earlier works from Zhang [1], Siegel [4] and Doshi [5]. Using the dynode signal also has the advantage of avoiding space-charge effects [3], [6], [7]. Bengtson They found improved timing in their study of different scintillator and PMT combinations and followed up with a study to analyze the mechanisms of the output pulse generation at the anode and dynode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and Moszynski[6] have pioneered the research in dynode timing.Manuscript received March 22, 2007; revised September 13, 2007. F. Bauer and L. Eriksson are with the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden and also with Siemens Medical Solutions, Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA (e-mail: fbauer@siemens.com).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dynode-Timing Method for PET Block Detectors

Bauer

Zhang

Schmand

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The focus of this paper is the investigation of a new dynode-timing technique optimized for PET block detectors. This method allows utilization of dynode signals from single but especially multiple photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs), operated with negative high-voltage. The technique will provide an event-timing trigger without deteriorating the anode signal. A printed circuit board has been developed and built for this investigation.Benchmark measurements have been performed, comparing timing of the anode signal with timing of the inverted last-dynode signal and timing of the dynode signal extracted via a newly developed LVPECL-logic based board. Timing measurements were performed with plastic as well as LSO scintillators. From single PMT measurements we find a 30 ps improvement with the dynode-timing method compared to the standard anode timing with two Photonis XP2020Q PMTs with LSO (10 mm 10 mm 10 mm). For a quad-PMT block detector, assembled of four Hamamatsu R9800 with a Hi-Rez block, the timing-resolution improves 10%, by 43 ps compared to the standard anode timing.

show abstract

“…By using the dynode for timing the parasitic effect from electrons traveling from the penultimate dynode to the last dynode is avoided [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynode-Timing Method for PET Block Detectors

Bauer

Zhang

Schmand

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it has been shown that the dynode signal provides superior timing resolution due to its faster initial rise-time, as the anode signal is compromised by a prompt inductive pickup. 24 In this work, the dynode signal provided a convenient method to extract timing and energy information without requiring summing and signal splitting amplifiers since the capacitive decoupled dynode signals were simply connected together on the voltage divider.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined time‐of‐flight and depth‐of‐interaction detector for total‐body positron emission tomography

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: In support of a project to build a total-body PET scanner with an axial field-of-view of 2 m, the authors are developing simple, cost-effective block detectors with combined time-of-flight (TOF) and depth-of-interaction (DOI) capabilities. Methods: This work focuses on investigating the potential of phosphor-coated crystals with conventional PMT-based block detector readout to provide DOI information while preserving timing resolution. The authors explored a variety of phosphor-coating configurations with single crystals and crystal arrays. Several pulse shape discrimination techniques were investigated, including decay time, delayed charge integration (DCI), and average signal shapes. Results: Pulse shape discrimination based on DCI provided the lowest DOI positioning error: 2 mm DOI positioning error was obtained with single phosphor-coated crystals while 3-3.5 mm DOI error was measured with the block detector module. Minimal timing resolution degradation was observed with single phosphor-coated crystals compared to uncoated crystals, and a timing resolution of 442 ps was obtained with phosphor-coated crystals in the block detector compared to 404 ps without phosphor coating. Flood maps showed a slight degradation in crystal resolvability with phosphor-coated crystals; however, all crystals could be resolved. Energy resolution was degraded by 3%-7% with phosphor-coated crystals compared to uncoated crystals.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining TOF-DOI capabilities with simple block detector readout using phosphor-coated crystals. C 2016 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx

show abstract

“…This investigation is a continuation of the earlier study done on 51 mm XP2020UR [5] and XP20D0 [3] called dynode timing done on XP2020 and RCA8850 [6], [7]. It was considered that extension of the above studies to the larger diameter PMTs, characterized by a larger time jitter, will show more potential benefits of the screening grid for all fast and semi-fast PMTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The 75 mm diameter photonis XP43D2 photomultiplier with the screening grid at the anode for timing experiments

Szczesniak

Gierlik

Kapusta

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Requirements given by large scale physics experiments and applications in border security monitoring prompted to upgrade existing large 75 mm and 130 mm diameter PMTs towards better timing properties. First, the existing dynode structure of XP4312 was improved by inserting a screening grid in front of the anode, following that applied to the XP20D0. The performance of the new XP43D2 photomultiplier was studied in comparison to XP4312 PMT. The time jitter of the new PMT was measured using a fast light pulser based on an XP22 light emitting diode. The timing properties in coincidence experiments were measured with large NaI(Tl) and plastic scintillators for 60 Co and 22 Na gamma rays and discussed in terms of the measured photoelectron numbers.

show abstract

Timing improved by the use of dynode signals studied with different scintillators and photomultipliers

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

Dynode-Timing Method for PET Block Detectors

Dynode-Timing Method for PET Block Detectors

A combined time‐of‐flight and depth‐of‐interaction detector for total‐body positron emission tomography

The 75 mm diameter photonis XP43D2 photomultiplier with the screening grid at the anode for timing experiments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About