Timing measurements with a 3D silicon sensor on Timepix3 in a 180 GeV/c hadron beam

Heijhoff, K.; Akiba, K. Carvalho; Bates, R. L.; Beuzekom, M. van; Bosch, P.; Colijn, A. P.; Geertsema, R. E.; Gromov, V.; Heidotting, M.L.E.; Hendrikx, L.S.; Hynds, D.; Snoek, H.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/p08009

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…where 𝛼 is a correction factor that compensates for variation in the VCO frequency, 𝛽 compensates the non-uniformity of the ultra-fine bins, and Δ𝑡 pixel is a per-pixel term that corrects time offsets between pixels originating from differences in clock phase due to the reference-clock distribution. The latter also compensates for more subtle timing differences that originate from mechanisms such as variation in the capacitive loading of traces connecting the pixel front-ends to the superpixel VCO, as was observed in Timepix3 [7,16].…”

Section: Tdc Time Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end

Heijhoff,

Akiba,

Ballabriga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A characterisation of the Timepix4 pixel front-end with a strong focus on timing performance is presented. Externally generated test pulses were used to probe the per-pixel timeto-digital converter (TDC) and measure the time-bin sizes by precisely controlling the test-pulse arrival time in steps of 10 ps. The results indicate that the TDC can achieve a time resolution of 60 ps, provided that a calibration is performed to compensate for frequency variation in the voltage controlled oscillators of the pixel TDCs. The internal clock distribution system of Timepix4 was used to control the arrival time of internally generated analog test pulses in steps of about 20 ps. The analog test pulse mechanism injects a controlled amount of charge directly into the analog front-end (AFE) of the pixel, and was used to measure the time resolution as a function of signal charge, independently of the TDC. It was shown that for the default configuration, the AFE time resolution in the hole-collecting mode is limited to 105 ps. However, this can be improved up to about 60 ps by increasing the preamplifier bias-current at the cost of increased power dissipation. For the electron-collecting mode, an AFE time resolution of 47 ps was measured for a bare Timepix4 device at a signal charge of 21 ke. It was observed that additional input capacitance from a bonded sensor reduces this figure to 62 ps.

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Section: Tdc Time Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this section the superpixel TDC is characterised using a similar method that was used to determine the time-bin sizes of Timepix3 [7,18]. Section 3.1 describes the measurement setup, and section 3.2 presents the results.…”

Section: Digital Front-end Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end

Heijhoff,

Akiba,

Ballabriga

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The time resolution (rms) per photon, assuming equal contributions for two photons in the pair, is 3.3/ √ 2 = 2.4 ns, a typical value achievable after the correction. It was shown that the Timepix3 timing resolution can be further improved by calibration of time offsets for individual pixels and time centroiding algorithms [54].…”

Section: Timing Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensified Tpx3Cam, a fast data-driven optical camera with nanosecond timing resolution for single photon detection in quantum applications

et al. 2023

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We describe a fast data-driven optical camera, Tpx3Cam, with nanosecond scale timing resolution and 80 Mpixel/sec throughput. After the addition of intensifier, the camera is single photon sensitive with quantum efficiency determined primarily by the intensifier photocathode. The single photon performance of the camera was characterized with results on the gain, timing resolution and afterpulsing reported here. The intensified camera was successfully used for measurements in a variety of applications including quantum applications. As an example of such application, which requires simultaneous detection of multiple photons, we describe registration of photon pairs from the spontaneous parametric down-conversion source in a spectrometer. We measured the photon wavelength and timing with respective precisions of 0.15 nm and 3 ns, and also demonstrated that the two photons are anti-correlated in energy.

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“…However, there is currently no full-scale pixel readout ASIC with a front-end that is fast enough to benefit from the intrinsic time resolution provided by these new fast-sensor technologies. In a previous study [7] it has been shown that 3D [8] and thin planar detectors bonded to the Timepix3 pixel ASIC [9] have a time resolution that is limited by the pixel front-end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A characterisation of the Timepix4 pixel front-end with a strong focus on timing performance is presented. Externally generated test pulses were used to probe the per-pixel time-to-digital converter (TDC) and measure the time-bin sizes by precisely controlling the test-pulse arrival time in steps of 10 ps. The results indicate that the TDC can achieve a time resolution of 60 ps, provided that a calibration is performed to compensate for frequency variation in the voltage controlled oscillators of the pixel TDCs. The internal clock distribution system of Timepix4 was used to control the arrival time of internally generated analog test pulses in steps of about 20 ps. The analog test pulse mechanism injects a controlled amount of charge directly into the analog front-end (AFE) of the pixel, and was used to measure the time resolution as a function of signal charge, independently of the TDC. It was shown that for the default configuration, the AFE time resolution in the hole-collecting mode is limited to 105 ps. However, this can be improved up to about 60 ps by increasing the preamplifier bias-current at the cost of increased power dissipation. For the electron-collecting mode, an AFE time resolution of 47 ps was measured for a bare Timepix4 device at a signal charge of 21 ke. It was observed that additional input capacitance from a bonded sensor reduces this figure to 62 ps.

show abstract

Timing measurements with a 3D silicon sensor on Timepix3 in a 180 GeV/c hadron beam

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end

Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end

Intensified Tpx3Cam, a fast data-driven optical camera with nanosecond timing resolution for single photon detection in quantum applications

Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end

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