Timing of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implication for the prevention of osteoporosis. Inference from a cross-sectional model.

Matković, Velimir; Jelić, Tomislav; Wardlaw, Gordon M.; Ilich, Jasminka Z.; Goel, Prem K.; Wright, J.K.; Andon, M B; Smith, Karen; Heaney, Robert P.

doi:10.1172/jci117034

Cited by 727 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…BMD reaches a peak in early adulthood and generally remains constant until the menopausal transition, after which it declines 26. In contrast, cIMT increases linearly with age 27, 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Mineral Density Is Positively Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Adolescents and Premenopausal Women

Frysz

Deere

Lawlor

et al. 2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both common causes of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies, mainly of people older than 60 years, suggest a relationship between these conditions. Our aim was to determine the association between bone characteristics and CVD markers in younger and middle‐aged individuals. Women (n = 3366) and their adolescent offspring (n = 4368) from the UK population‐based cohort study, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were investigated. We measured total body (TB) and hip bone mineral density (BMD), TB bone area (BA) and bone mineral content (BMC) by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) by high‐resolution ultrasound. Arterial distensibility was calculated as the difference between systolic and diastolic arterial diameters. Linear regression determined associations between bone exposures and cIMT (in adolescents) and both cIMT and arterial distensibility (in women), generating partial correlation coefficients. Mean (SD) age of women was 48 (4.2) years, body mass index (BMI) was 26.2 (5.0) kg/m2, and 71% were premenopausal. In confounder‐adjusted analyses (age, height, lean mass, fat mass, menopause, smoking, estrogen replacement, calcium/vitamin D supplementation, and education) TB and hip BMD were both positively associated with cIMT (0.071 [0.030, 0.112], p = 0.001; 0.063 [0.025, 0.101], p = 0.001, respectively). Femoral neck BMD and TB BMD, BMC, and BA were positively associated with arterial distensibility. Mean (SD) age of adolescents was 17 (0.4) years, BMI was 23 (4.1) kg/m2, and 44.5% were male. Total hip and TB measurements were positively associated with cIMT, with similar magnitudes of association to those found in their mothers. In contrast to most published findings, we identified weak positive associations between BMD and cIMT in predominantly premenopausal women and their adolescent offspring. We found greater femoral neck BMD and TB DXA measurements to be associated with reduced arterial stiffness. Rather than a relationship with preclinical atherosclerosis, in these relatively young populations, we speculate our associations between BMD, cIMT, and arterial distensibility may reflect a shared relationship between bone and vascular growth and development. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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“…BMD reaches a peak in early adulthood and generally remains constant until the menopausal transition, after which it declines 26. In contrast, cIMT increases linearly with age 27, 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Mineral Density Is Positively Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Adolescents and Premenopausal Women

Frysz

Deere

Lawlor

et al. 2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…All forms of osteoporosis have been attributed to a reduced bone formation, though there a few postulations which attribute it to increased bone resorption [8]. An important predictor of the risk of osteoporosis in later life is the bone mass peak level, as the process of bone loss begins slowly during the premenopausal years [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Radiological Study on the Trabecular Pattern in the Upper End of the Femur in Post-Menopausal Women

Shankar¹

2013

JCDR

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Objective: Anatomically, the upper end of the femur is a common site for osteoporosis. Therefore, The trabecular pattern in the upper end of femur is analyzed on the basis of the presence or absence, the relative number and density of the trabeculae, trabecular group and also by the grading of trabeculae. The present study was undertaken to identify the trabecular pattern in the upper end of the femur radiographically in postmenopausal women and to establish that the changes in the trabecular pattern can be used for the diagnosis and the grading of osteoporosis. While osteoporosis is observed in both elderly men and women, its prevalence is much higher in post-menopausal women. The validated data from this study will be of use to all the clinicians to recognize the trabecular patterns and it will possibly help them in detecting osteoporosis and in limiting its progress in its early stages.Method: Two hundred frontal projection pelvis radiographs of women who were between 18-100 years of age were studied during 2006-2007. In this study, an attempt was made to test the presence, pattern and the grading of the trabecular pattern in pre and post-menopausal females and to find out the influence of the post menopausal age on the trabecular patterns. All the readings were tabulated and subjected to analysis.

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“…Another limitation of this study is that the age of the mothers (around 43 years old) in this study was older than that of peak bone mass (30 to 39 years). (34,35) Thus, the continued modification of bone mass distribution (either increase or decrease) may be underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Wang

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it. During aging, loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life. Thus, the loss of bone may occur preferentially at sites where most bone has been deposited previously; ie, bone loss could be the directional reversal of accrual. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bone mass distribution at weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (radius) bones among 18-year-old girls, their premenopausal mothers, and their postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. Bone and muscle properties were measured by pQCT, and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in 55 girl-mother-maternal grandmother trios. Site-matched differences in bone mass were compared among three generations. The differences between girls and mothers and between mothers and grandmothers were used to represent the patterns of bone mass accrual from early adulthood to middle age and bone loss from middle to old age, respectively. Compared to the mothers, 18-year old girls had less bone mass in the anterior and medial-posterior regions of the tibial shaft, while the grandmothers had less bone in the anterior and posterior regions. In contrast, the bone mass differences in the radial shaft between girls and mothers and mothers and grandmothers were relatively uniform. We conclude that both bone accrual and loss are direction-specific in weight-bearing bones but relatively uniform in non-weight-bearing bones. Bone loss in old age is largely, but not completely, a reversal of the preferential deposition of bone in the most highly loaded regions during early life. ß

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Timing of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implication for the prevention of osteoporosis. Inference from a cross-sectional model.

Cited by 727 publications

References 73 publications

Bone Mineral Density Is Positively Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Adolescents and Premenopausal Women

Bone Mineral Density Is Positively Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Adolescents and Premenopausal Women

A Radiological Study on the Trabecular Pattern in the Upper End of the Femur in Post-Menopausal Women

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

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