Timing of phenological stages for apple and pear trees under climate change in a temperate-continental climate

Chițu, E.; Paltineanu, Cristian

doi:10.1007/s00484-020-01903-2

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To maintain adequate apple fruit production in Morocco, the replacement of the current varieties with other varieties that require fewer chilling hours is necessary [29]. Some other findings have also confirmed this conclusion [29,44,130,[141][142][143][144]. [138]…”

Section: Models To Calculate Chilling Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Extensive research in tree phenology has demonstrated that the increase in temperature and atmospheric CO 2 levels ultimately influences the number of chill hours required for dormancy breaking and the yield and fruit quality of temperate fruit crops [10,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] (examples are given in Tables 1 and 2). Several studies have evaluated the productivity of temperate fruit crops with the current status of global climate change [4,33,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. These studies addressed the various challenges that impact temperate fruit production [4].…”

Section: Climate Change and Temperate Fruit Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that changes in both agroclimatic and temperature indices were higher than the vulnerability threshold of apple production [33]. Research has focused on different phenological stages such as bud swelling, the onset and end of blooming of apple and pear trees [44], as well as the adaptability of fruit crops to climate change conditions [45]. In this regard, an evaluation of various adaptation strategies for grapevines was conducted [46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Climate Change and Temperate Fruit Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

et al. 2021

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Adequate chill is of great importance for successful production of deciduous fruit trees. However, temperate fruit trees grown under tropical and subtropical regions may face insufficient winter chill, which has a crucial role in dormancy and productivity. The objective of this review is to discuss the challenges for dormancy and chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, especially in warm winter regions, under climate change conditions. After defining climate change and dormancy, the effects of climate change on various parameters of temperate fruit trees are described. Then, dormancy breaking chemicals and organic compounds, as well as some aspects of the mechanism of dormancy breaking, are demonstrated. After this, the relationships between dormancy and chilling requirements are delineated and challenging aspects of chilling requirements in climate change conditions and in warm winter environments are demonstrated. Experts have sought to develop models for estimating chilling requirements and dormancy breaking in order to improve the adaption of temperate fruit trees under tropical and subtropical environments. Some of these models and their uses are described in the final section of this review. In conclusion, global warming has led to chill deficit during winter, which may become a limiting factor in the near future for the growth of temperate fruit trees in the tropics and subtropics. With the increasing rate of climate change, improvements in some managing tools (e.g., discovering new, more effective dormancy breaking organic compounds; breeding new, climate-smart cultivars in order to solve problems associated with dormancy and chilling requirements; and improving dormancy and chilling forecasting models) have the potential to solve the challenges of dormancy and chilling requirements for temperate fruit tree production in warm winter fruit tree growing regions.

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Section: Models To Calculate Chilling Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Climate Change and Temperate Fruit Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Change and Temperate Fruit Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

et al. 2021

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“…In the context of a warming climate, there is agreement that in western and eastern Europe, Australia and South Africa flowering of pome, stone and vine fruit starts earlier [6][7][8][9][10]. However, also the last day of frost in spring occurs earlier [11][12][13][14], resulting in regional studies with contrasting conclusions about the evolution of frost hazard during flowering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for managing spring frost risks in orchards: effectiveness and conditionality—a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Background Spring frosts pose an important threat to orchard productivity in temperate zones and projections do not exclude damaging events in the future. However, there is no up-to-date and systematic comparison of the effectiveness and conditionality of the existing passive and active damage prevention strategies. This systematic review seeks to answer the questions “How do the performances of spring frost damage reduction strategies in temperate fruit orchards compare?” and “How do environmental conditions affect the effectiveness of frost damage reduction strategies in temperate fruit orchards?”. Methods This review covers a large range of on-field strategies for the protection of flowering orchards against damage inflicted by late spring frost. All major temperate fruit tree crops and grapevines were included, provided that the performance of frost damage reduction was compared against a control in terms of bud and flower survival, yield and delays in flowering time, or ambient temperature change. Articles and reports were collected between June and October 2021 from the Web of Science Core Collection and regional indexes and from the databases Scopus, FAO AGRIS, USDA Agricola, CAB Abstracts and the Groenekennis database of the University of Wageningen, the Netherlands, as well as from relevant institutional websites and the Chinese scholarly search engine ‘Baidu’. Biases resulting from inadequate randomisation, incomplete reporting or deficient study designs were reported. Temporal and spatial research trends and gaps were mapped based on 104 selected studies (from 8970 identified studies). Data was extracted for every experiment that an article reported on, leading to 971 data points. Groups of frost protection methods were compared in terms of effectiveness whereby environmental factors were examined to explain the variation of the effectiveness by means of mixed linear models. Review findings Most included studies originate from the United States and Europe more than from the temperate fruit production regions in Asia. An increase over time in the research on foliar applications, including growth regulation hormones was observed. Apple, peach and more recently grapevine were the most researched fruit types, followed by cherry and pear. The validity of the selected studies was generally low as measures of variability were reported only occasionally. Therefore, only descriptive comparisons of effectiveness were undertaken between intervention classes by fruit types. Sprinkler systems were found to perform best for most studied outcomes, while the emerging biochemical solutions revealed mixed results. The performances of resource-intensive heating systems did not outperform low-resource techniques such as tunnels or coverings of individual buds. The lack of reporting standards did not allow extensive correlations with ambient factors and reduced the transferability of the review’s findings. A need for standard protocols for experiments and reporting is therefore apparent. Conclusions In this field, strong shortcomings in the documentation of experimental setups and reporting standards were exposed. Implications for policy making are limited while for research recommendations to reduce bias and increase comparability are put forward.

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“…In Romania, few studies have analyzed changes in plant phenophases and GSL. Their findings revealed that changes in phenological events were strongly related to warmer climatic conditions [25,[51][52][53][54][55][56]. However, increasing air temperature trends were directly or indirectly documented in Romania in numerous climate studies, carried out both nationally [57][58][59][60][61][62][63] and regionally/locally [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71], which indirectly highlights clues regarding the country's potential phenological changes.…”

Section: Introduction 1plant Phenology Under Climate Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Warming-Induced Changes in Plant Phenology in the Most Important Agricultural Region of Romania

et al. 2022

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Changes in plant phenology are a direct indicator of climate change and can produce important consequences for agricultural and ecological systems. This study analyzes changes in plant phenology in the 1961–2010 period (for both the entire interval and in three successive multi-decades: 1961–1990, 1971–2000 and 1981–2010) in southern and southeastern Romania, the country’s most important agricultural region. The analysis is based on mean monthly air temperature values collected from 24 regional weather stations, which were used for extracting the length (number of days) of phenophases (growing season onset, budding–leafing, flowering, fruiting, maturing, dissemination of seeds, start of leaf loss, end of leaf loss) and of the overall climatic growing season (CGS, which includes all phenophases), by means of the histophenogram method. Using a number of reliable statistical tools (Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator and the regression method) for exploring annual trends and net (total) changes in the length of the phenological periods, as well as for detecting the climate—growing season statistical relationships, our results revealed complex phenology changes and a strong response in phenological dynamics to climate warming. Essentially, a lengthening of all phenophases (maximal in the maturing period, in terms of statistical significance and magnitude of trends—on average 0.48 days/yr/24 days net change in the 1961–2010 period, or even 0.94 days/yr/28 days net change in the 1971–2000 sub-period) was noticed, except for the fruiting and dissemination phenophases, which were dominated by negative trends in the number of days, but partially statistically significant (at a confidence level threshold of at least 90%). The CGS exhibited overall increasing trends, with an average of 0.21 days/yr/11 days net change in the 1961–2010 interval, and even of 0.90 days/yr/27 days net change in the 1981–2010 sub-period. Moreover, based on the slope values obtained upon application of a linear regression to mean temperature and CGS, we discovered that a 1 °C increase in climate warming accounted for a remarkable lengthening of the CGS, on average of 14 days between 1961 and 2010, and of 16 days between 1981 and 2010. Our results can help improve the adaptation of agroecological systems to future climate change.

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Timing of phenological stages for apple and pear trees under climate change in a temperate-continental climate

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

Strategies for managing spring frost risks in orchards: effectiveness and conditionality—a systematic review

Climate Warming-Induced Changes in Plant Phenology in the Most Important Agricultural Region of Romania

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