Timing of recovery from the end-Permian extinction: Geochronologic and biostratigraphic constraints from south China

Lehrmann, Daniel J.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Bowring, Samuel A.; Martin, Mark W.; Montgomery, Paul; Enos, Paul; Payne, Jonathan L.; Orchard, Michael J.; Wang, Hongmei; Wei, Jiayong

doi:10.1130/g22827a.1

Cited by 206 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…The recovery of the severely devastated marine ecosystems was much delayed in comparison with other major mass extinction events (Erwin 2006). It was early Middle Triassic when the marine ecosystems fully recovered (Payne et al 2004;Pruss et al 2005;Lehrmann et al 2006), though unique and exceptionally diverse earliest Triassic faunas are reported (e.g., central Oman: Krystyn et al 2003;South China: Hautmann et al 2011). Concurrent with the biotic crisis, many shallow-marine shelf seas suffered from euxinic to anoxic conditions in the PermianTriassic boundary interval (e.g., Wignall and Hallam 1992;Wignall et al 2005;Cao et al 2009;Grasby and Beauchamp 2009;Bond and Wignall 2010), and unstable conditions continued throughout Early Triassic time (Payne et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Triassic peritidal carbonate sedimentation on a Panthalassan seamount: the Jesmond succession, Cache Creek Terrane, British Columbia, Canada

Sano

Onoue

Orchard

et al. 2011

Facies

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The Jesmond succession of the Cache Creek Terrane in southern British Columbia records late Early Triassic peritidal carbonate sedimentation on a mudflat of a buildup resting upon a Panthalassan seamount. Conodont and foraminiferal biostratigraphy dates the succession as the uppermost Smithian to mid-Spathian. The study section (ca. 91 m thick) is dominated by fine-grained carbonates and organized into at least 12 shallowing-upwards cycles, each consisting of shallow subtidal facies and overlying intertidal facies. The former includes peloidal and skeletal limestones, flat-pebble conglomerates, stromatolitic bindstones, and oolitic grainstone, whereas the latter consists mainly of dolomicrite. The scarcity of skeletal debris, prevalence of microbialite, and intermittent intercalation of flat-pebble conglomerate facies imply environmentally harsh conditions in the mudflat. The study section also records a rapid sea-level fall near the Smithian-Spathian boundary followed by a gradual sea-level rise in the early to mid-Spathian.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Triassic peritidal carbonate sedimentation on a Panthalassan seamount: the Jesmond succession, Cache Creek Terrane, British Columbia, Canada

Sano

Onoue

Orchard

et al. 2011

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“…Along with previous data of Lehrmann et al (2005aLehrmann et al ( , 2005b, these new results illustrate the current diffi culties in obtaining consistent correlations for the Early-Middle Triassic boundary while constrained by fi rst occurrences of conodonts only. These diffi culties became apparent in the comparison of the lower Guandao section, as revised by Lehrmann et al (2006), with the upper Guandao section published by Lehrmann et al (2005b). It is worth stressing that these two sections are located ~200 m apart (see Lehrmann et al, 2005a, their Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Considering the inconsistencies between the two Guandao sections as published by Lehrmann et al (2005bLehrmann et al ( , 2006, one is forced to conclude that the radiometric age constraints, as well as the paleontological and lithological correlations between these two sections, need further clarifi cation. Until all these contradictions are solved, the proposed age and the position of the Early-Middle Triassic boundary in Guandao will remain equivocal.…”

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“…timorensis. In the supposedly coeval part of the lower Guandao section, Lehrmann et al (2006) dated a series of four thin ash layers ranging in age from 247.38 ± 0.10 Ma (PGD tuff-1) to 246.77 ± 0.13 Ma (PGD tuff-4). The FO of Cs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Oppel zones, Assemblage zones, Concurrentrange zones, and Unitary Associations, which are all based on associations, are the only reliable alternatives to circumvent such problems inherent to the fossil record. Lehrmann et al (2006) also used their interpolated Early-Middle Triassic boundary age of 247.2 Ma to assess an ~5 m.y. duration for the Early Triassic.…”

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Timing of recovery from the end-Permian extinction: Geochronologic and biostratigraphic constraints from south China: COMMENT AND REPLY: COMMENT

Bucher

Hochuli

Ovtcharova

et al. 2007

Geology

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Persistent Environmental Stress Delayed the Recovery of Marine Communities in the Aftermath of the Latest Permian Mass Extinction

Foster

Lehrmann

et al. 2018

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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The aftermath of the latest Permian mass extinction is a key interval for the evolution of modern marine ecosystems. It has been hypothesized that the magnitude of the mass extinction delayed the subsequent recovery, and so to test this, we undertook the highest resolution study to date of the post‐extinction (Griesbachian) microbialite unit on the Great Bank of Guizhou, south China. The benthic community from the microbialite unit is taxonomically diverse when compared to other coeval deposits, recording both inarticulate and articulate brachiopods, crinoids, echinoids, bivalves, gastropods, microconchids, and ostracods. Here we recognize 49 taxa from 4,557 individuals, which raise the known diversity of the Great Bank of Guizhou basal microbialite unit to 84 invertebrate species, making it the most diverse Early Triassic community currently reported. About 89% of the genera are Permian holdovers, whilst only 13% of the species are Permian holdovers. These new data record no temporal trends in the species richness, Simpson diversity, Simpson effective diversity, taxonomic distinctness, functional diversity, or body size of the benthos during the post‐extinction microbialite unit. Nevertheless, the small body sizes of the benthic community, prevalence of opportunistic taxa (e.g., Claraia), and the large lophophoral cavity in the lingulid brachiopod, Sinolingularia huananensis, suggests that these animals lived in a highly stressed environment. We propose that the microbialite unit contains a survival fauna in an interval that represents persistent environmental stress from the latest Permian mass extinction event, associated with deoxygenation, high temperatures, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (pCO2), and elevated primary productivity.

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Timing of recovery from the end-Permian extinction: Geochronologic and biostratigraphic constraints from south China

Cited by 206 publications

References 24 publications

Early Triassic peritidal carbonate sedimentation on a Panthalassan seamount: the Jesmond succession, Cache Creek Terrane, British Columbia, Canada

Early Triassic peritidal carbonate sedimentation on a Panthalassan seamount: the Jesmond succession, Cache Creek Terrane, British Columbia, Canada

Timing of recovery from the end-Permian extinction: Geochronologic and biostratigraphic constraints from south China: COMMENT AND REPLY: COMMENT

Persistent Environmental Stress Delayed the Recovery of Marine Communities in the Aftermath of the Latest Permian Mass Extinction

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