Timing of Stage II Lactogenesis Is Predicted by Antenatal Metabolic Health in a Cohort of Primiparas

Abstract

Higher serum insulin secretion relative to serum glucose after a glucose challenge and higher serum adiponectin are associated with earlier onset of OL. These findings suggest that factors associated with better glucose tolerance predict earlier OL.

Maternal prepregnancy waist circumference and BMI in relation to gestational weight gain and breastfeeding behavior: the CARDIA study

“…It is unknown whether this may explain the lower probability of ever breastfeeding with larger waist circumference. However, maternal metabolism and obesity may interfere negatively with mammary gland development, which may affect lactogenesis, as suggested in animal studies (10); breast size increment during pregnancy (52); and later onset of stage II lactogenesis (53,54). In women with gestational diabetes, heightened insulin resistance may interfere with the pathways for initiation of lactogenesis (55).…”

A Cluster Randomized Trial of Tailored Breastfeeding Support for Women with Gestational Diabetes

“…15,16 Given the potential for breastfeeding to reduce metabolic disease risk for both mother and child, we tested a social cognitive theory-based intervention to increase breastfeeding duration and intensity among women with GDM. We hypothesized that a breastfeeding support intervention integrated within a lifestyle intervention would increase duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding among women with GDM.…”

Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…To optimize human milk biologics and nutrients therefore provided to the infant, ongoing lactation support should prioritize mothers' own milk pumping. (21) However, maternal health conditions are often a problem, and consequently lactogenesis is delayed or insufficient (22) despite all best efforts of certified lactation support. If MOM is not available and PDHM is not an option, a commercial preterm formula that bests meets the new global consensus on nutrient management of the preterm infant is recommended.…”