Timing of white-tailed deer browsing affects wetland plant communities

Flaherty, Kelley L.; Rentch, James S.; Grafton, William N.; Anderson, James T.

doi:10.1007/s11258-018-0797-3

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…One plant species (slender Orcutt grass [ Orcuttia tenuis ]) and 2 plant communities were targeted for temporary conservation. For these plant communities, 75 species were recorded in goldenrod–dewberry communities and 99 species were recorded in aspen regeneration communities (Flaherty et al., 2018). Moreover, stopover habitats for migratory species and breeding habitats were the 2 most studied temporary habitats, followed by wintering habitats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of terrestrial temporarily conserved areas in Canada, the United States, and Mexico

Wen

Bennett

Rytwinski

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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The establishment of protected areas is a cornerstone of conservation, but permanent protection could be inefficient or even impossible in some situations. Here we synthesize the literature on temporary conserved areas (TCAs) across North America (Canada, the United States, and Mexico). We used a comprehensive search string to retrieve peer‐reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021 from the Web of Science. We identified 27 relevant peer‐reviewed articles that examined the potential benefits of TCAs in North America. Our findings reveal that TCA is a relatively new and understudied area of research in the peer‐reviewed literature. Current TCA studies are highly clustered, generally focusing on protecting a single life‐cycle stage of migratory species and preventing human‐driven threats mainly in public lands of coastal areas and of the Great Plains and Mississippi Valley in the central United States. Most studies relate to temporary conservation of breeding or staging habitats for migratory birds. Experimental studies combined with short‐term study periods are the dominant study types. TCAs have the potential to complement permanently protected areas or provide protection when truly permanent protection is difficult. Despite some research into their value, the ecological, social, and economic outcomes of TCAs remain unclear, and more TCA research is needed to understand what role they could play in conservation in North America and around the globe. TCAs may represent an innovative paradigm to track and report temporary area‐based conservation measures. However, a global review and analysis of effectiveness of TCAs will be required if they are to play a formal role in meeting international targets for biodiversity conservation.Article impact statement: Temporary conservation has the potential to complement protected areas and other effective area‐based conservation measures.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of terrestrial temporarily conserved areas in Canada, the United States, and Mexico

Wen

Bennett

Rytwinski

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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“…These results suggest that the effects of browsing have a greater detrimental effect on second-year willows compared to thirdyear willows in the same habitat. Other studies have also found the effects of herbivory to depend on the age of the willows [26][27][28][29]. Several studies have shown that the nutritional value of willow leaves and shoots in their first two years of growth is valuable to large herbivores [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have also found the effects of herbivory to depend on the age of the willows [26][27][28][29]. Several studies have shown that the nutritional value of willow leaves and shoots in their first two years of growth is valuable to large herbivores [29,30]. Additionally, juvenile willows are likely to be more accessible to herbivores due to their smaller stature and may have reduced chemical defenses as they prioritize early rapid growth [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivory and Soil Properties as Ecological Constraints to Willow Growth in a Restored Riparian Ecosystem in Coastal California

Coffman¹

2019

ESCR

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This study investigated stunted arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) cuttings planted along a restored riparian corridor in Marin County, California. Restoration activities along this corridor included channel realignment, bank stabilization, and placement of streambed material and large woody debris, which required the use of heavy machinery and compacted soils. Additionally, evidence of deer browsing indicated that predation may be significantly affecting cutting growth and survivorship. In our field study, we measured effects of deer browsing and physical soil characteristics (i.e., soil moisture, compaction, texture, and total organic content) on the change in willow growth (i.e., height, mean canopy diameter, estimated aerial percent cover, and volume) of 160 recently planted willow cuttings (in their second and third year of growth following planting) to better understand stunted growth. Growth and health attributes of the cuttings were further analyzed in relation to three factors: 1) presence of exclusionary deer fencing; 2) location on left or right bank and 3) age of the cutting. Results of the study indicated deer herbivory was a critical stressor limiting survivorship and growth of willow cuttings. Exclusionary fencing resulted in significantly higher growth for all four metrics compared to unfenced willows with the greatest bene-ficial effect on younger willows in their second growing season. Significantly higher soil moisture and lower soil compaction were found in reference sites compared to restoration study sites. However, the influence of physical soil characteristics on willow growth revealed weak correlations. Exclusionary fencing is a cost-efficient method for restricting browsing by wild herbivores on recently planted willow cuttings, most effective when implemented during the first two growing seasons or until willow cuttings are resilient to the effects of herbivory.

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