Tin and Mercury

Clifford, Martin; Hilson, Gavin; Hodson, Mark E.

doi:10.1002/9781444319477.ch21

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Prior to the widespread mobilization of mercury from human activities, natural emissions of mercury include volcanic emanations, seismically active regions where faults or fractures permit the infiltration of mercury vapor from deep within the crust to the surface, and zones rich in mineral and/or fossil fuel deposits. Outside of metallic ores, mercury is typically found in very small concentrations in most rock types (≤0.05 μg g –1 ), with the main mercury-bearing mineral being chemically resistant cinnabar (HgS) . Determining natural (or background) levels of mercury in soils is problematic, because human activity has changed concentrations in soils globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate, Fire, and Vegetation Mediate Mercury Delivery to Midlatitude Lakes over the Holocene

Pompeani

Cooke

Abbott

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The rise in mercury concentrations in lake sediment deposited over the last ∼150 years is widely recognized to have resulted from human activity. However, few studies in the Great Lakes region have used lake sediment to reconstruct atmospheric mercury deposition on millennial time scales. Here we present a 9000-year mercury record from sediment in Copper Falls; a small closed-basin lake on the Keweenaw Peninsula. Prior to abrupt increases in the 19 and 20 centuries, mercury remains at relatively low concentrations for the last 9000 years. Higher mercury fluxes in the early Holocene (3.4 ± 1.1 μg m yr) are attributed to drier conditions and greater forest fire occurrence. The gradual decline in mercury flux over the middle to late Holocene (1.9 ± 0.2 μg m yr) is interpreted to reflect a transition to wetter conditions, which reduced forest fires, and promoted the development of soil organic matter and deciduous forests that sequestered natural sources of mercury. The Copper Falls Lake record highlights the sensitivity of watersheds to changes in mercury inputs from both human and natural forcings, and provides millennial-scale context for recent mercury contamination that will aid in establishing baseline values for restoration efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, variation in mercury concentration between soil types is considerable. Mercury has a strong affinity for organic material in soils, therefore the relatively higher concentrations of mercury found in forest soils and peat (∼1 μg g –1 ) is potentially attributable to greater concentrations of organic matter …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, Fire, and Vegetation Mediate Mercury Delivery to Midlatitude Lakes over the Holocene

Pompeani

Cooke

Abbott

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Contamination of the wastewater and sediments by trace elements such as Sn might be due to using this element in many industrial activities such as alloys and steels, coating layer for major industrial materials made of iron and steel, polymer stabilizer, various medical uses, and in soap or food additive (Clifford et al, 2010;Jennings 2013). The main sources of PTEs in municipality wastewater are institutions, households and commercial buildings which could discharge large amounts of PTEs (Bolan et al, 2009;Abe et al, 2012).…”

Section: Contamination Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially toxic elements in saltmarsh sediments and common reed (Phragmites australis) of Burullus coastal lagoon at North Nile Delta, Egypt: A survey and risk assessment

Shaheen

Abdel-Razek

Elthoth

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Recently, Chotpantarat et al (2012) showed that competitive sorption (binary and multimetal systems) of Ni, Mn, Zn, and Pb reduced the sorption capacity of Pb on lateritic soil under flow conditions. There are a relatively few studies that focuses on inorganic Sn in soil (Clifford et al, 2010). Tin occurs in the Earth's crust at an average concentration above 2 mg kg À1 with two oxidation states, +2 and +4 stannous and stannic, respectively (Kabata-Pendias and Mukherjee, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adsorption-Desorption of Lead and Tin in Soils

Elbana¹,

Sparks²,

Selim³

2013

Soil Science

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The fate of heavy metals, such as Pb, in the soil-water environment is significant in the assessment of their potential mobility and toxicity in the ecosystem. In this study, adsorption batch and sequential extraction experiments were carried out to assess the retention and reactivity of Sn and Pb in soils. Isotherm results exhibited highly nonlinear sorption for both heavy metals. Lead isotherms indicated a Freundlich exponent parameter b of 0.204 and 0.249 for Windsor and Olivier soils, respectively. The respective values for Sn were greater than 1 (2.46 and 3.72), which implies irreversible sorption. Moreover, Sn was completely sorbed, indicative of strong irreversible retention where more than 99% of the added Sn was retained in both soils. No Sn release after 30 days of desorption was detected. The presence of Sn resulted in reducing sorption of Pb by both soils, as evidenced by the decrease in their maximum sorption capacity; whereas, Pb exhibited kinetic behavior where 3 to 15% and 13 to 28% of Pb were released for Windsor and Olivier soils, respectively, during desorption. The use of a second-order two-site model that accounts for nonlinear equilibrium and kinetic reactions was capable of describing the kinetic behavior of Pb during adsorption and desorption in both Windsor and Olivier soils. Sequential extraction results revealed that the most susceptible Pb fraction for release was highest corresponding to highest Pb input concentrations. This concentrationdependent release is consistent with the observed strong nonlinearity of Pb retention and implies that mobility of Pb tends to increase as the input Pb concentration is elevated.

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Tin and Mercury

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Climate, Fire, and Vegetation Mediate Mercury Delivery to Midlatitude Lakes over the Holocene

Climate, Fire, and Vegetation Mediate Mercury Delivery to Midlatitude Lakes over the Holocene

Potentially toxic elements in saltmarsh sediments and common reed (Phragmites australis) of Burullus coastal lagoon at North Nile Delta, Egypt: A survey and risk assessment

Adsorption-Desorption of Lead and Tin in Soils

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