Tin exchanged zeolite as catalyst for direct synthesis of α-amino nitriles under solvent-free conditions

Shah, Arpan K.; Khan, Noor‐ul H.; Sethia, Govind; Saravanan, S.; Kureshy, Rukhsana I.; Abdi, Sayed H. R.; Bajaj, Hari C.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.01.001

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Although direct (one-pot) synthesis of ion-exchanged zeolites is possible, − the materials are generally synthesized via an aqueous route where metal salts are dissolved in water and mixed with the zeolite. This procedure has, however, several drawbacks as it is time-consuming and requires consecutive wash-and-dry steps to achieve the desired ion-exchange level. ,− Additionally, ion exchange into small-pore zeolites, including SSZ-13, may be hindered by bulky aqueous metal ion complexes which cannot enter the zeolite cages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu⁺ into Zeolites

Lin¹,

Jansson

Skoglundh³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Density functional theory calculations are used to investigate solid-state ion exchange of copper into zeolites. In particular, the energetic conditions for functionalization of chabazite (CHA) with copper ions from Cu2O(111) via formation of Cu(NH3)2 + are explored. It is found that the diamine complexes form easily on Cu2O(111) and diffuse with low barriers over the surface and in the CHA framework. The charge neutrality of the systems is maintained via counterdiffusion of H+ in the form of NH4 + from the zeolite to the Cu2O surface where water can be formed. The efficient solvation of Cu+ and H+ by ammonia renders the ion-exchange process exothermic. The present results highlight the dynamic character of the Cu ion sites and provide means to understand zeolite functionalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu⁺ into Zeolites

Lin¹,

Jansson

Skoglundh³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…According to previous reports, these nanoparticles might be SnO 2 crystals formed during calcinations. 15 We assumed that these nanoparticles produced new catalytic sites on the surface of zeolite, and play a certain role in this transformation.…”

Section: Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-unsubstituted benzo[b]furans via the intramolecular cyclization of 2-aryloxyacetaldehyde acetals

et al. 2015

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“…6 Sn 2+ synergistically accelerated the Strecker reactions for all substrates tested, especially ketones. 6 The isomerization of sugars is important in the food industry. The conversion of glucose into fructose for the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has become the largest immobilized biocatalytic process in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Using the Thallous Ion Exchange Method to Exchange Tin into High Alumina Zeolites. 1. Crystal Structure of |Sn²⁺_5.3Sn⁴⁺_0.8Cl^–_1.8|[Si₁₂Al₁₂O₄₈]-LTA

et al. 2015

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Sn 2+ and Sn 4+ ions have replaced all of the Tl + ions in the zeolite Tl 12 -A (|Tl 12 |[Si 12 Al 12 O 48 ]-LTA) by thallous ion exchange (TIE), a vapor phase ion exchange method: SnCl 2 (g) was allowed to react with Tl 12 -A under anhydrous conditions at 723 K for 48 h. The tin content of the product, |Sn 2+ 5.3 Sn 4+ 0.8 Cl − 1.8 |[Si 12 Al 12 O 48]-LTA, is 32.6 wt %, much higher than previously reported for any zeolite. Its structure was determined by single-crystal crystallography at 294 K using synchrotron X-radiation (Pm3̅ m, a = 12.075(1) Å, R 1 = 0.069, R 2 = 0.224), and its composition was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Sn 2+ is found at four crystallographic positions, Sn 4+ at two, and Cl − at two. Among the 5.3 Sn 2+ ions per unit cell, 2.7 (3-coordinate) lie opposite 6-rings in large cavities, 0.3 (4-coordinate) are opposite 6-rings in sodalite cavities, 1.5 are in 8-rings, and 0.7 approach a framework oxygen atom and two chloride ions in a trigonal planar manner. Among the 0.8 Sn 4+ ions per unit cell (all 3-coordinate, from the disproportionation of Sn 2+ ), 0.7 are opposite the intersection of a 4-, a 6-, and an 8-ring in large cavity, and 0.1 are in 6-rings. Most of the Cl − ions bridge between Sn 2+ ions in the large cavity to form Sn 3 Cl 2 4+ . The rest, at the center of the sodalite cavity, bridge linearly between two Sn 2+ ions to form Sn 2 Cl 3+ .

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Tin exchanged zeolite as catalyst for direct synthesis of α-amino nitriles under solvent-free conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu⁺ into Zeolites

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu⁺ into Zeolites

Zeolite-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-unsubstituted benzo[b]furans via the intramolecular cyclization of 2-aryloxyacetaldehyde acetals

Using the Thallous Ion Exchange Method to Exchange Tin into High Alumina Zeolites. 1. Crystal Structure of |Sn²⁺_5.3Sn⁴⁺_0.8Cl^–_1.8|[Si₁₂Al₁₂O₄₈]-LTA

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Tin exchanged zeolite as catalyst for direct synthesis of α-amino nitriles under solvent-free conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu+ into Zeolites

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu+ into Zeolites

Zeolite-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-unsubstituted benzo[b]furans via the intramolecular cyclization of 2-aryloxyacetaldehyde acetals

Using the Thallous Ion Exchange Method to Exchange Tin into High Alumina Zeolites. 1. Crystal Structure of |Sn2+5.3Sn4+0.8Cl–1.8|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA

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Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu⁺ into Zeolites

Mechanism for Solid-State Ion Exchange of Cu⁺ into Zeolites

Using the Thallous Ion Exchange Method to Exchange Tin into High Alumina Zeolites. 1. Crystal Structure of |Sn²⁺_5.3Sn⁴⁺_0.8Cl^–_1.8|[Si₁₂Al₁₂O₄₈]-LTA