Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated on Hole Selective Monolayers

Kapil, Gaurav; Bessho, Takeru; Sanehira, Yoshitaka; Sahamir, Shahrir Razey; Chen, Mengmeng; Baranwal, Ajay Kumar; Liu, Dong; Sono, Yuya; Hirotani, Daisuke; Nomura, Daishiro; Nishimura, Kohei; Kamarudin, Muhammad Akmal; Shen, Qing; Segawa, Hiroshi; Hayase, Shuzi

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02718

Cited by 159 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Besides, replacing PTAA with hole‐selective monolayers, such as [2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (denoted as 2P), is also an effective method to construct efficient inverted PSCs. [ 49,51–53 ] However, only a monolayer cannot guarantee complete coverage of the ITO surface, which may lead to direct contact between perovskite and ITO. A conventional HTL is still required to ensure device's validity and repeatability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Interfacial Contact for Improved Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

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Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received widespread attention due to their facile fabrication and wide applications. However, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is reported lower than that of regular PSCs because of the undesirable interfacial contact between perovskite and the hydrophobic hole transport layer (HTL). Here, an interface regulation strategy is proposed to overcome this limitation. A small molecule ([2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid, abbreviated as 2P), composed of carbazole and phosphonic acid groups, is inserted between perovskite and HTL. Morphological characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that perovskite bonds stronger on 2P‐modified HTL than on pristine HTL. The improved interfacial contact facilitates hole extraction and retards degradation. Upon the incorporation of 2P, inverted PSCs deliver a high PCE of over 22% with superior stability, keeping 84.6% of initial efficiency after 7200 h storage under an ambient atmosphere with a relative humidity of ≈30–40%. This strategy provides a simple and efficient way to boost the performance of inverted PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Interfacial Contact for Improved Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, MASn x Pb 1-x I 3 has been considered as the most promising candidate for high-efficiency single-junction PSCs or low-bandgap subcells in PTSC, responsible for absorbing low-energy photons 13 , 19 – 21 . Much effort has been devoted and the efficiency for mixed Sn-Pb PSCs has increased to 18.6% in PTSCs with MA as A site 22 , and 23.3% in Sn-Pb PSC with MA-FA-Cs as A site 23 , which is approaching the recorded efficiency achieved in single-junction Pb-based PSCs. However, for the goal of exceeding the efficiency of Pb-based PSCs and reaching S-Q limit in the future, it still needs a lot of optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Data-driven design of high-performance MASnxPb1-xI3 perovskite materials by machine learning and experimental realization

Cai

Liu

et al. 2022

Light Sci Appl

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The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell is determined by multiple interrelated factors, such as perovskite compositions, electronic properties of each transport layer and fabrication parameters, which makes it rather challenging for optimization of device performances and discovery of underlying mechanisms. Here, we propose and realize a novel machine learning approach based on forward-reverse framework to establish the relationship between key parameters and photovoltaic performance in high-profile MASnxPb1-xI3 perovskite materials. The proposed method establishes the asymmetrically bowing relationship between band gap and Sn composition, which is precisely verified by our experiments. Based on the analysis of structural evolution and SHAP library, the rapid-change region and low-bandgap plateau region for small and large Sn composition are explained, respectively. By establishing the models for photovoltaic parameters of working photovoltaic devices, the deviation of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage with band gap in defective-zone and low-bandgap-plateau regions from Shockley-Queisser theory is captured by our models, and the former is due to the deep-level traps formed by crystallographic distortion and the latter is due to the enhanced susceptibility by increased Sn4+ content. The more difficulty for hole extraction than electron is also concluded in the models and the prediction curve of power conversion efficiency is in a good agreement with Shockley-Queisser limit. With the help of search and optimization algorithms, an optimized Sn:Pb composition ratio near 0.6 is finally obtained for high-performance perovskite solar cells, then verified by our experiments. Our constructive method could also be applicable to other material optimization and efficient device development.

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“…[149] Thanks to the great efforts in halide doping, additive engineering, interface engineering, and energy bandgap design, the PCE of Sn-Pb hybrid PSCs has increased from 4.18% to 23.30%. [150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158] Inspired by the idea of co-sensitization in dye-sensitized solar cells, Kapil et al prepared high-efficiency Sn-Pb PSCs via coabsorption of 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) as hole selective monolayers and methyl phosphonic acid (MPA) onto transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glass. [158] Small molecule MPA has high packing density to passivate TCO surface.…”

Section: Pb Component Substitution Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158] Inspired by the idea of co-sensitization in dye-sensitized solar cells, Kapil et al prepared high-efficiency Sn-Pb PSCs via coabsorption of 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) as hole selective monolayers and methyl phosphonic acid (MPA) onto transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glass. [158] Small molecule MPA has high packing density to passivate TCO surface. As a result, the PSCs showed a PCE of 23.30%, which is the highest PCE record so far for Sn-Pb mixed PSCs.…”

Section: Pb Component Substitution Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Luo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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of human society. Clean and green solar energy could be converted into electric energy through photovoltaic technologies. This can provide a green and sustainable way for energy utilization. [1][2][3] Inorganicorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered to be one of the most promising photovoltaic applications, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] owing to the favorable properties of perovskite materials, such as tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, large bipolar mobility, long carrier diffusion length, small exciton binding energy and high defect tolerance. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has reached 25.7% based on Pb-based perovskites, which has exceeded that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells and exhibited huge a market prospect. [19] However, these perovskite films are prone to be decomposed into the toxic heavy-metal compounds of PbI 2 , Pb, or PbO, etc. because of the uncontrollable environmental condition, including high temperature, high humidity, and strong sunlight. [20,21] The toxicity of Pb leaking from perovskite film has become one of the main obstacles toward commercialization. [22] There have been extensive endeavors to replace Pb with Sn to make the perovskite active layer less toxic, however, Sn-based PSCs demonstrate inferior efficiency and stability compared with their Pb-based counterparts. Thus, the Pb-based perovskites are still indispensable for guaranteeing excellent photoelectric properties and would be the main force of future large-scale applications.The photovoltaic market has been growing rapidly for alleviating energy scarcity and mitigating climate change. The cumulative solar capacity in 2020 reaches ≈773.2 GW around the world. [23] If 20% of this solar capacity is occupied by perovskite solar panels with 500 nm Pb-based perovskite film and ≈20% PCE, 541.24 tons of Pb would be consumed considering ≈0.70 g m −2 of Pb content. [24,25] The widespread deployment of PSCs would provoke a terrible environmental pollution without proper Pb management. World Health Organization (WHO) and many countries have reached a broad consensus on the restriction of the Pb pollution and established strict environmental standards on the Pb usage. Besides, international organizations such as the European Union have also formulated relevant regulations for the management and regulation of waste electrical and electronic equipment, requiring producers to take responsibility for collecting and recycling apparatus waste. [26] Therefore, sustainable Pb management is an essential prerequisite for the commercialization of PSCs. Pb-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies for commercialization have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, the toxicity and leakage of heavy metal Pb from perovskite film have become critical obstacles for eco-friendly development. Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, high temperature, or strong sunlight may accelerate the undesired decomp...

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Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated on Hole Selective Monolayers

Cited by 159 publications

References 39 publications

Bridging the Interfacial Contact for Improved Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Bridging the Interfacial Contact for Improved Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Data-driven design of high-performance MASnxPb1-xI3 perovskite materials by machine learning and experimental realization

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

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