Tin

Harbison, Raymond D.; Johnson, David R.

doi:10.1002/9781118834015.ch34

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Square 82 was the only brand with solder joints containing tin and calcium; in this brand, there was no calcium detected in the aerosol, and the solder joints appeared intact by SEM, which agrees with the concentration of tin being low. Inhalation of tin can cause respiratory irritation and prolonged exposure can result in stannosis [ 8 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveOur purpose was to quantify 36 inorganic chemical elements in aerosols from disposable electronic cigarettes (ECs) and electronic hookahs (EHs), examine the effect of puffing topography on elements in aerosols, and identify the source of the elements.MethodsThirty-six inorganic chemical elements and their concentrations in EC/EH aerosols were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and their source was identified by analyzing disassembled atomizers using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.ResultsOf 36 elements screened, 35 were detected in EC/EH aerosols, while only 15 were detected in conventional tobacco smoke. Some elements/metals were present in significantly higher concentrations in EC/EH aerosol than in cigarette smoke. Concentrations of particular elements/metals within EC/EH brands were sometimes variable. Aerosols generated at low and high air-flow rates produced the same pattern of elements, although the total element concentration decreased at the higher air flow rate. The relative amount of elements in the first and last 60 puffs was generally different. Silicon was the dominant element in aerosols from all EC/EH brands and in cigarette smoke. The elements appeared to come from the filament (nickel, chromium), thick wire (copper coated with silver), brass clamp (copper, zinc), solder joints (tin, lead), and wick and sheath (silicon, oxygen, calcium, magnesium, aluminum). Lead was identified in the solder and aerosol of two brands of EHs (up to 0.165 μg/10 puffs).ConclusionThese data show that EC/EH aerosols contain a mixture of elements, including heavy metals, with concentrations often significantly higher than in conventional cigarette smoke. While the health effects of inhaling mixtures of heated metals is currently not known, these data will be valuable in future risk assessments involving EC/EH elements/metals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, determining the concentration of tin in environmental samples is important to monitor the level of contamination and prevent unnecessary exposure of humans and the environment to its toxic effects. [1][2][3][4][5] There are many methods used to determine tin. The final choice of method for the determination of tin depends on the type of sample, the expected concentration range, and the availability of equipment and reagents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, tin is also harmful to the natural environment, such as water and soil, where it can affect the development of aquatic organisms and plants. Therefore, determining the concentration of tin in environmental samples is important to monitor the level of contamination and prevent unnecessary exposure of humans and the environment to its toxic effects [1–5] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stripping Voltammetry with Nanomaterials‐based Electrode in the Environmental Analysis of Trace Concentrations of Tin

Grabarczyk,

Wlazłowska,

Wawruch

2023

ChemPhysChem

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A method for the voltammetric determination of tin using a multiwall carbon nanotubes/spherical glassy carbon (CNTs/SGC) electrode is described. The new procedure is based on the adsorptive accumulation of the Sn(II)−cupferron complex on a CNTs/SGC electrode modified with a lead film, followed by electrochemical reduction of the adsorbed species. The optimal experimental conditions include the use of 0.10 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 5.7), 4.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 cupferron and 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 Pb(II). The peak current is proportional to the concentration of Sn(II) over the range of 1.0 × 10−9 − 1.0 × 10−7 mol L−1 and the detection limit is 3.1 × 10−10 mol L−1 for a 95 s accumulation time. The proposed method was used to determine tin in real samples and certified reference materials.

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Tin

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs

Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs

Stripping Voltammetry with Nanomaterials‐based Electrode in the Environmental Analysis of Trace Concentrations of Tin

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