TiN Paper for Ultrafast-Charging Supercapacitors

Abstract

Ultrafast-charging energy storage devices are attractive for powering personal electronics and electric vehicles. Most ultrafast-charging devices are made of carbonaceous materials such as chemically converted graphene and carbon nanotubes. Yet, their relatively low electrical conductivity may restrict their performance at ultrahigh charging rate. Here, we report the fabrication of a porous titanium nitride (TiN) paper as an alternative electrode material for ultrafast-charging devices. The TiN paper shows an excellent conductivity of 3.67 × 104 S m−1, which is considerably higher than most carbon-based electrodes. The paper-like structure also contains a combination of large pores between interconnected nanobelts and mesopores within the nanobelts. This unique electrode enables fast charging by simultaneously providing efficient ion diffusion and electron transport. The supercapacitors (SCs) made of TiN paper enable charging/discharging at an ultrahigh scan rate of 100 V s−1 in a wide voltage window of 1.5 V in Na2SO4 neutral electrolyte. It has an outstanding response time with a characteristic time constant of 4 ms. Significantly, the TiN paper-based SCs also show zero capacitance loss after 200,000 cycles, which is much better than the stability performance reported for other metal nitride SCs. Furthermore, the device shows great promise in scalability. The filtration method enables good control of the thickness and mass loading of TiN electrodes and devices.

Two-dimensional MXenes for electrochemical capacitor applications: Progress, challenges and perspectives

“…For exam ple, Ti 2 CT x MXenes achieved impressive performance [ 92 96]. Nitride based MXenes can achieve higher conductivity than their carbide coun terparts [97]. A nanolayered Ti 2 NT x with accordion like structure and O/ OH terminations was prepared from Ti 2 AlN MAX phase using an oxygen assisted molten salt reaction followed by HCl treatment, which showed a capacitance of 200 F g − 1 at 2 mV s − 1 and a potential window of 1.2 V at 50 mV s − 1 in 1 M MgSO 4 electrolyte [98].…”

Dual‐Modified Hollow Spherical Shell MoS2@TiO2/TiN Composites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

“…The lattice spacing values of TiO 2 , TiN, and MoS 2 were 0.34, 0.22, and 0.63 nm, corresponding to the (101) plane of TiO 2 (Figure 1C), (200) plane of TiN (Figure 1D), and (002) plane of MoS 2 (Figure 1E), respectively. [18,39] The elemental mappings demonstrate the uniform distribution of Ti, Mo, S, N, and O elements in MTT (Figure 1F-K), further confirming the successful fabrication of MoS 2 @TiO 2 /TiN.…”

Effects of Anion Carriers on Capacitance and Self‐Discharge Behaviors of Zinc Ion Capacitors

“…Peaks located at 458.72, 464.22, and 456.96 eV can be assigned to the Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 of Ti−O bonds and Ti−N−O bonds, respectively, which may be ascribed to partially oxidization of the surface of TiN nanofibers [29] . The peaks centered at 396.60 and 399.46 eV in the N 1s spectrum were assigned to Ti−N and Ti‐N−O bonds [30] …”

“…[29] Thep eaks centered at 396.60 and 399.46 eV in the N1ss pectrum were assigned to TiÀNa nd Ti-NÀO bonds. [30] To explore the influence of anions in the electrolyte on the electrochemical energy storage behavior of the capacitor,we took the TiN-based zinc ion capacitor as amodel to compare its electrochemical performance in three electrolytes including ZnSO 4 ,Z nAc 2 ,a nd ZnCl 2 .W ef irst studied the electrochemical behavior of TiNn anofibers in three different electrolytes using at hree-electrode system to eliminate the interference of anode.T iN,zinc foil, and Ag/AgCl were used as working electrode,c ounter electrode and reference electrode,r espectively.C yclic voltammetry (CV) test was carried out in ZnSO 4 ,Z nAc 2 ,a nd ZnCl 2 electrolyte with the same TiNelectrode,and the results were shown in Figure 2a. Ther emarkable difference between three CV curves confirmed the influence of anions in the electrolyte on the…”