Tinea capitis in Cleveland: Survey of elementary school students

Ghannoum, Mahmound A.; Isham, N.; Hajjeh, Rana; Cano, M Poveda; Al‐Hasawi, Fowzia; Yearick, D.; Warner, Judith E. A.; Long, Lisa; Jessup, Chad; Elewski, Boni E.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.109

Cited by 99 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18][19] However, prevalence rates vary widely, and lower prevalence rates have been noted in a number of studies. 20,21 The majority of our subjects were cultured during the spring and early summer months.…”

Section: E4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine the prevalence and most common etiologies of scalp scaling in infants and prepubertal children and the specificity of head and neck lymphadenopathy for the diagnosis of tinea capitis associated with scalp scaling.Design/Methods. A cross-sectional study of 300 children, 200 from an urban general pediatric practice and 100 from 2 urban pediatric dermatology practices, was conducted. Half of the subjects were <2 years old, and half were 2 to 10 years old. Demographic data, medical history, and clinical data noting the presence of scalp scaling and other scalp signs and symptoms, as well as adenopathy of the head and neck, were collected.Results. Scalp scaling was seen in 66 (22%) children. There was an insignificantly higher prevalence of scalp scaling in those <2 years old compared with the 2-to 10-year-old group. In those <2 years old with scalp scaling, the most common diagnoses were seborrheic dermatitis (thick, adherent, greasy scale predominantly in the frontal and/or vertex areas of the scalp) and atopic dermatitis/eczema. Among those 2 to 10 years old with scalp scaling, the most common diagnoses were nonspecific (fine, white) scaling, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis/eczema. Nine (3%) patients were culture-positive for a dermatophyte, all of whom were black, and grew Trichophyton tonsurans. More than half (52.7%) of all patients had head and neck adenopathy. The presence of posterior nodes was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis/eczema and marginally associated with a positive dermatophyte culture. The presence of scalp scaling plus posterior adenopathy was significantly associated with seborrheic dermatitis and a positive dermatophyte culture in the entire study population and with atopic dermatitis in the pediatric dermatology clinics.Conclusions. Scalp scaling was common in children 0 to 10 years old. Infantile-type seborrheic dermatitis was noted in both age groups: it was 3 times as likely in children <2 years old (18%) than in those 2 to 10 years old (6%). Contrary to traditional teaching, seborrheic dermatitis can be found in preadolescent children. Atopic dermatitis/eczema was associated with scalp scaling in both age groups. Head and neck adenopathy was very common and nonspecific for any 1 diagnosis. Posterior adenopathy with concurrent scalp scaling was significantly associated with seborrheic dermatitis, a positive dermatophyte culture, and atopic dermatitis. In this nonselected pediatric population, scalp scaling with adenopathy was not associated exclusively with tinea capitis. Pediatrics 2005;115:e1-e6. URL: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/

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Section: E4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

et al. 2005

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“…The factors that determine the clinical appearance of childhood Tinea capitis, have not been investigated in great details, but stimulation of cellmediated immunity is widely accepted as a cause of inflammation [2]. This dermatophyte disease is considered a public health problem, particularly among school children in developing countries [3,4]. This condition is still under reported in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory Tinea capitis also may have multiple clinical forms, including localized pustules that are similar to impetigo and multiple widespread abscesses that mimic dissecting cellulitis. Carrier state may present as a minimal infection [3]. Because dermatophytes are not part of the normal flora of the scalp skin, it is important to understand the significance of their presence in different communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea Capitis in Primary and Middle School Students in South-East of Iran

Ebrahimzadeh¹

2014

SJPH

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Tinea capitis is a common infection among school children, still raising public health importance in many countries. There are unpublished reports of head fungal infections, particularly Tinea capitis, in school children of Sistan and Baluchestan province, at South-East of Iran. However, the reports are only based on the clinical evidences and there is no information about the prevalence and the agents of the infection. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Tinea capitis based on demographic information as well as laboratory determination of the causative fungal species in primary and middle school students of seven districts in Sistan and Baluchestan in 2011. During this crosssectional study, 2060 children from urban and rural primary and middle schools were randomly selected and subjected to the survey by informed consents. Their demographic information was recorded in questionnaire and specimens from suspicious students were taken by scraping the scalp and removing hair stubs. Microscopic examination and culture and subculture of the specimens were performed using Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (S) and S + Chloramphenicol + Cyclohexamide (SCC) media and slide culture for identification of fungal agents. The surveyed children contained 56.7% female and 43.3% male. A number of 110 students (5.8%) were suspected to have Tinea capitis. Thirty-seven cases of Tinea capitis were confirmed by demonstration of dermatophytes spores or mycelium in direct smears, consisting of 25 (22.73%) ectothrix, 8 (7.27%) endothrix and 4 cases (3.63%) of favus. The dermatophytes isolated by in in vitro cultures, included 17 anthropophilic, 9 zoophilic and 3 geophilic species. The other 7 isolates were only characterised as Trichophyton mentagrophytes but remained unidentified at the level of subspecies. The prevalence of Tinea capitis in the rural school students was significantly more than that in the urban students. The infection rate in male was also significantly more than that in female. The results implied that control program with concern to the sources of infections is of great importance. Health education and development of knowledge among school children are recommended to be taken into account. It was resulted that all three sources of dermatophyte infections are involved with the incidence of Tinea capitis in children at South-East of Iran, although the anthropophilic and zoophilic reservoirs are predominant.

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“…These infections are of public health importance because of their transmissibility from human to human or from animal to human. Tinea capitis in particular remains a prevalent public health problem among school-aged children in the United States; a recent study demonstrated that 13% of elementary school children in Cleveland, Ohio, had positive scalp cultures for dermatophytic fungi (8). Sixty percent of these children were asymptomatic carriers (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Baltimore, Maryland

Magill¹,

Manfredi

Swiderski

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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Tinea capitis is of public health importance because of its transmissibility. Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense , which are common causes of tinea capitis in parts of Africa and West Asia, have only rarely been reported to cause dermatophytoses in the United States. We identified 24 patients with 25 positive cultures for T. violaceum or T. soudanense that were processed in a single hospital laboratory in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2006. Most patients for whom clinical information was available had tinea capitis. There was a marked increase in the isolation of these organisms between the period from 2000 to 2002 and the period from 2003 to 2006, possibly associated with changes in immigration to the Baltimore metropolitan area. The changing epidemiology of this transmissible fungal infection not only is of public health interest as an example of the introduction of a “new” pathogen to an area where it traditionally was not endemic but also is of clinical and microbiological importance given reports suggesting an increasing incidence of tinea capitis in some areas and increasing clinical failure rates of current therapies.

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Tinea capitis in Cleveland: Survey of elementary school students

Cited by 99 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

Tinea Capitis in Primary and Middle School Students in South-East of Iran

Isolation of Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Baltimore, Maryland

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