Tinea capitis: still an unsolved problem?

Patel, Gopal; Schwartz, Robert A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01819.x

Cited by 71 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…canis is one of the major pathogenic dermatophytes causing tinea capitis worldwide (Aly et al, 2000;Patel & Schwartz, 2011). The clinical strains of M. canis used in the present study were obtained from an epidemiological survey in Tehran (unpublished data).…”

Section: Differentiation Of M Canis and Its Close Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier reports stated that M. canis is the most common causative agent of tinea capitis in Iran (Mahmoudabadi, 2005;Pakshir & Hashemi, 2006). M. audouinii is one of the species causing ectothrixtype tinea capitis, especially among school children, in European and African countries (Patel & Schwartz, 2011;Vella Zahra & Vella Briffa, 2003). This species has not been documented from Iran, nor was it found in the present survey.…”

Section: Differentiation Of M Canis and Its Close Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multilocus differentiation of the related dermatophytes Microsporum canis, Microsporum ferrugineum and Microsporum audouinii

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Makimura

Hoog

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Microsporum ferrugineum, an uncommon causative agent of dermatophytosis, has restricted endemicity. Iranian strains suspected to be M. ferrugineum from two patients with tinea were analysed using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the partial b-tubulin (BT2) and translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF1) genes. Strains were compared to reference strains to differentiate M. ferrugineum from its relatives Microsporum canis and Microsporum audouinii. Inter-species differences for TEF1 and BT2 were found to be higher than for the ITS region, which is the current molecular standard for species identification in dermatophytes. Intra-species variation was zero for each of the markers. In silico analysis showed that the restriction enzymes BanI and BshNI were together sufficient to differentiate the three species based on TEF1, whereas a two-step digestion was needed with BT2 or the ITS region. The prevalence of M. ferrugineum in clinical samples in Iran appeared to be higher than suspected on the basis of routine phenotypic identification.

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Section: Differentiation Of M Canis and Its Close Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differentiation Of M Canis and Its Close Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus differentiation of the related dermatophytes Microsporum canis, Microsporum ferrugineum and Microsporum audouinii

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Makimura

Hoog

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Dermatomycosis is one of the most frequent dermal lesions that affect humans and animals, and is often caused by dermatophytes of the genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. These fungi infect keratinized tissue such as skin, nails and scalp, and their lesions are characterized by irritation, scaling, local redness, swelling and inflammation (Kyle and Dahl, 2004;Gupta and Cooper, 2008;Patel and Schwartz, 2011). Meanwhile, some dermatomycoses may be associated with the presence of opportunistic yeast pathogens, including genus Candida, that can quickly colonize damaged nails or skin, especially the mucous membranes (Eggimann et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of monoterpenes against dermatophytes and yeasts

Miron¹,

Battisti²,

Silva³

et al. 2014

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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GeraniolNerol Isomers Microdilution assay Mechanism of action A B S T R A C T Dermatomycosis causes highly frequent dermal lesions, and volatile oils have been proven to be promising as antifungal agents. The antifungal activity of geraniol, nerol, citral, neral and geranial (monoterpenes), and terbinafine and anidulafungin (control drugs) against seven opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and four dermatophyte species was evaluated by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microdilution tests. Monoterpenes were more active against dermatophytes than yeasts (geometric mean of minimal inhibitory concentration (GMIC) of 34.5 and 100.4 μg.ml -1 , respectively). Trichophyton rubrum was the fungal species most sensitive to monoterpenes (GMIC of 22.9 μg.ml -1 ). The trans isomers showed higher antifungal activity than the cis. The mechanism of action was investigated evaluating damage in the fungal cell wall (Sorbitol Protection Assay) and in the cell membrane (Ergosterol Affinity Assay). No changes were observed in the MIC of monoterpenes in the sorbitol protection assay. The MIC of citral and geraniol was increased from 32 to 160 μg.ml -1 when the exogenous ergosterol concentrations was zero and 250 μg.ml -1 , respectively. The monoterpenes showed an affinity for ergosterol relating their mechanism of action to cell membrane destabilization.

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“…Sıklıkla preadolesan dönemde, özellikle 3-7 yaşlar arasında en sık görülen dermatofit enfeksiyonudur (12). Bizim çalışmamızda da özellikle 12 yaş altında hastalarda ilk üç saç hastalığı arasında yer almaktadır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evaluation of Hair and Scalp Diseases in Pediatric Age Group

Kaçar¹,

Özuğuz²,

Karaca³

2014

tdd

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Amaç: Çocuklarda saç ve saçlı deri hastalıkları geniş bir yelpazede incelenir. Başlangıç yaşı ve klinik paternlerine göre ayırıcı tanıda farklı hastalıklar düşünülür. Bu çalışmada pediatrik dermatoloji (PD) polikliniğine başvuran saç-saçlı deri hastalıklarının sıklığını ve başlıca klinik özelliklerini retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: 2011 Eylül-2013 Ağustos tarihleri arasında Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Hastanesi PD polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş altı 2641 hastanın dosyası taranarak saç-saçlı deri hastalığı olan 159 hasta değerlendirmeye alındı. Hastaların demografik ve klinik bilgileri kaydedilerek uygun analizler yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların (90 kız ve 69 erkek) yaş ortalaması 9,92±5,28 (2 ay-17 yıl) idi. Tüm yaş grupları arasında en sık görülen hastalıklar seboreik dermatit, alopesi areata, tinea kapitis, telojen effluviyum ve psoriasis idi (sırasıyla, %26,4, %19,5, %13,2, %11,9 ve %11,9). Saç dökülmesi tüm hastaların %47,8'sinde mevcuttu. Saç dökülmesi analizinde saç çekme testi ve trikoskopi en sık kullanılan yöntemler iken, biyopsi en nadir kullanılan yöntemdi (%72,3, %40,9 ve %5,0). Sonuç: Saç dökülmesi kozmetik kaygılar nedeniyle her yaşta önemlidir. Pediatrik yaş grubunda en sık non-sikatrisyel akkiz alopesiler görülür. Objective: The hair and scalp diseases in children are studied in a wide range. Various diseases were considered in the differential diagnosis according to the age of onset and clinical patterns. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the frequency and main clinical features of hair and scalp diseases in patients admitted pediatric dermatology (PD) outpatient clinic. Methods: 159 patients with hair and scalp diseases which were distinguished among the records of 2641 patients under 18 years of age, who were admitted to PD outpatient clinic of Afyon Kocatepe University Hospital. The demographic and clinical data were recorded from the files and appropriate analyses were performed. Results:The mean age of patients (90 females and 69 males) were 9.92±5.28 years (2 months-17 years). Seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia areata, tinea capitis, telogen effluvium and psoriasis were the most common diseases (26.4%, 19.5%, 13.2%, 11.9% and 11.9% respectively) Hair loss was present in 47.8% of cases. Hair pull test and trichoscopy were the most common diagnostic methods in the analysis of hair loss whereas biopsy was the least common (72.3%, 40.9% and 5.0). Conclusion:Hair loss is important at all ages due to cosmetic concerns. Non-scarring acquired alopecias were the most common in pediatric age group.

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Tinea capitis: still an unsolved problem?

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Multilocus differentiation of the related dermatophytes Microsporum canis, Microsporum ferrugineum and Microsporum audouinii

Multilocus differentiation of the related dermatophytes Microsporum canis, Microsporum ferrugineum and Microsporum audouinii

Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of monoterpenes against dermatophytes and yeasts

Evaluation of Hair and Scalp Diseases in Pediatric Age Group

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