Tinea capitis update: a continuing conflict with an old adversary

Chen, Bryan K.; Friedlander, Sheila Fallon

doi:10.1097/00008480-200108000-00008

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18][19] However, prevalence rates vary widely, and lower prevalence rates have been noted in a number of studies. 20,21 The majority of our subjects were cultured during the spring and early summer months.…”

Section: E4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that seasonality and/or geographic location with regard to climate may affect dermatophyte prevalence. 18 In addition, the San Diego-based subjects came from both metropolitan and suburban communities and thus did not represent a true "inner-city" population. Tinea capitis and the asymptomatic carrier state are both more prevalent in the urban black population.…”

Section: E4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine the prevalence and most common etiologies of scalp scaling in infants and prepubertal children and the specificity of head and neck lymphadenopathy for the diagnosis of tinea capitis associated with scalp scaling.Design/Methods. A cross-sectional study of 300 children, 200 from an urban general pediatric practice and 100 from 2 urban pediatric dermatology practices, was conducted. Half of the subjects were <2 years old, and half were 2 to 10 years old. Demographic data, medical history, and clinical data noting the presence of scalp scaling and other scalp signs and symptoms, as well as adenopathy of the head and neck, were collected.Results. Scalp scaling was seen in 66 (22%) children. There was an insignificantly higher prevalence of scalp scaling in those <2 years old compared with the 2-to 10-year-old group. In those <2 years old with scalp scaling, the most common diagnoses were seborrheic dermatitis (thick, adherent, greasy scale predominantly in the frontal and/or vertex areas of the scalp) and atopic dermatitis/eczema. Among those 2 to 10 years old with scalp scaling, the most common diagnoses were nonspecific (fine, white) scaling, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis/eczema. Nine (3%) patients were culture-positive for a dermatophyte, all of whom were black, and grew Trichophyton tonsurans. More than half (52.7%) of all patients had head and neck adenopathy. The presence of posterior nodes was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis/eczema and marginally associated with a positive dermatophyte culture. The presence of scalp scaling plus posterior adenopathy was significantly associated with seborrheic dermatitis and a positive dermatophyte culture in the entire study population and with atopic dermatitis in the pediatric dermatology clinics.Conclusions. Scalp scaling was common in children 0 to 10 years old. Infantile-type seborrheic dermatitis was noted in both age groups: it was 3 times as likely in children <2 years old (18%) than in those 2 to 10 years old (6%). Contrary to traditional teaching, seborrheic dermatitis can be found in preadolescent children. Atopic dermatitis/eczema was associated with scalp scaling in both age groups. Head and neck adenopathy was very common and nonspecific for any 1 diagnosis. Posterior adenopathy with concurrent scalp scaling was significantly associated with seborrheic dermatitis, a positive dermatophyte culture, and atopic dermatitis. In this nonselected pediatric population, scalp scaling with adenopathy was not associated exclusively with tinea capitis. Pediatrics 2005;115:e1-e6. URL: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/

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Section: E4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

et al. 2005

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“…Fluconazole at 6 mg/kg/day administered for 6 weeks did not result in significantly better outcomes (6). Griseofulvin doses of up to 20 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks are currently utilized in clinical practice (3,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The predominant species causing tinea capitis in the United States during the first half of the 20th century was the anthropophilic species Microsporum audouinii (3). By the 1970s to 1980s Trichophyton tonsurans, another anthropophilic dermatophyte, had become the most common cause of tinea capitis (21), and it now causes more than 95% of these infections in the United States (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Baltimore, Maryland

Magill¹,

Manfredi

Swiderski

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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Tinea capitis is of public health importance because of its transmissibility. Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense , which are common causes of tinea capitis in parts of Africa and West Asia, have only rarely been reported to cause dermatophytoses in the United States. We identified 24 patients with 25 positive cultures for T. violaceum or T. soudanense that were processed in a single hospital laboratory in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2006. Most patients for whom clinical information was available had tinea capitis. There was a marked increase in the isolation of these organisms between the period from 2000 to 2002 and the period from 2003 to 2006, possibly associated with changes in immigration to the Baltimore metropolitan area. The changing epidemiology of this transmissible fungal infection not only is of public health interest as an example of the introduction of a “new” pathogen to an area where it traditionally was not endemic but also is of clinical and microbiological importance given reports suggesting an increasing incidence of tinea capitis in some areas and increasing clinical failure rates of current therapies.

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“…Importantly, the efficacy of griseofulvin has decreased over the years, and now the drug requires larger doses and longer treatment durations (16,17). This suggests that griseofulvin is no longer the treatment of choice in superficial cutaneous fungal infections (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of 12 Antifungal Drugs against 55 Trichophyton schoenleinii Isolates from Tinea Capitis Favosa Patients in Iran, Turkey, and China

Deng

Ansari

İlkit

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Trichophyton schoenleinii is an anthropophilic dermatophyte mainly causing tinea favosa of the scalp in certain regions of the world, especially Africa and Asia. We investigated the in vitro susceptibilities of 55 T. schoenleinii isolates collected over the last 30 years from Iran, Turkey, and China to 12 antifungals using the CLSI broth microdilution method. Our results revealed that terbinafine and ketoconazole were the most potent antifungal agents among those tested, independently of the geographic regions where strains were isolated.

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Tinea capitis update: a continuing conflict with an old adversary

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

Prevalence of Scalp Scaling in Prepubertal Children

Isolation of Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Baltimore, Maryland

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of 12 Antifungal Drugs against 55 Trichophyton schoenleinii Isolates from Tinea Capitis Favosa Patients in Iran, Turkey, and China

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