Tingidae (Insecta, Heteroptera) from the Argentinan Yungas: new records and descriptions of selected fifth instars

External Morphology of the Immature Stages ofVatiga manihotae(Hemiptera: Tingidae) with Comments on Ontogenesis

“…Tingid nymphs already have been considered in the systematics of the family (Guilbert 2001), but the knowledge of nymph morphology still is poor. Most nymphal descriptions focus only on the fifth instar (Guilbert & Montemayor 2010;Montemayor 2010;Montemayor et al 2011;Guidoti & Montemayor 2014), and few provide descriptions of all instars (e.g., Livingstone 1976;Montemayor 2009;Montemayor & Dellapé 2010;Guidoti & Barcellos 2013). Fewer papers focus on immature stages of Neotropical species (e.g., Montemayor 2009;Guilbert & Montemayor 2010).…”

Description of Tingis americana nymphs (Hemiptera: Tingidae), with emphasis on integumentary structures

“…There are some descriptions of lace bug immatures focusing on the integumentary ultrastructure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (e.g. May 1977;Rekha & Sreekumar 2004;Guilbert 2005;Guilbert & Montemayor 2010), usually limited to the fifth instar nymphs. As far as we know, there is a single study with SEM including all instars .…”

Lace Bugs (Tingidae)

“…Some species have all their nymphs fully studied and described, and most of them are from the Palearctic Region (e.g., Livingstone 1976 ). But only recently (e.g., Guilbert and Montemayor 2010 ;Guidoti and Barcellos 2013 ;Montemayor 2009 ;Montemayor and Dellapé 2010 ;Montemayor et al 2011 ), Neotropical nymphs started to fi gure in the specialized literature. It has been reported, for example, that an oligophagous Neotropical species, Tingis americana Drake, could present different fi tness and nymphal development rates in different host plants, due to unequal biological parameters (Moreira et al 2013 ).…”

“…ex Steud, and Gossypium sp. Guilbert and Montemayor ( 2010 ) provided a description and illustrations of the fi fth instar as well as some comments on the fourth and third instars. There is no key to recognize the species of Dictyla , and because of the great number of species that constitute it and its morphological diversity, it is not easy to properly identify them.…”