Tinnitus-like “hallucinations” elicited by sensory deprivation in an entropy maximization recurrent neural network

Dotan, Aviv; Shriki, Oren

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008664

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…There is also a body of literature related to asymmetric hearing loss being more common on the left (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). Although the neurobiologic explanation for tinnitus is complex and multifactorial, in many cases tinnitus could be consequence of the brain's response to sensory deprivation because of reduced peripheral auditory input (9,49). In a clinical setting, an explanation presented to patients may reference phantom limb perception as an analogy to the pathophysiology of tinnitus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the most Popular Tinnitus Inquiries: Is Tinnitus Incidence on the Rise Since COVID-19?

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveApproximately 50 million US adults experience chronic tinnitus, yet search behaviors and topics of concern to these patients have not been investigated on a national level.Study DesignObservationalSettingOnline database and tertiary otology clinicPatientsNationwide and institutional samplesInterventionsNoneMain Outcome MeasureA search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on “People Also Ask” (PAA) questions pertaining to tinnitus. Website quality was assessed using JAMA benchmark criteria. Search volume trends were investigated along with institutional-level data on tinnitus incidence.ResultsOf the 500 PAA questions assessed, the majority (54.0%) contained value-type content. The most popular question categories pertained to tinnitus treatment (29.3%), alternative treatment approaches (21.5%), technical details (16.9%), and timeline of symptoms (13.4%). Patients were most interested in treatment with wearable masking devices and most commonly searched for tinnitus as being attributable to a neurologic etiology. Online searches pertaining to unilateral tinnitus symptoms have increased >3-fold since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, review of patient encounters at our tertiary otology clinic revealed a nearly 2-fold increase in tinnitus consultations since 2020.ConclusionsTopics of interest and concern identified herein may inform the development of patient education materials and help guide clinical practice. Online search data suggest an increase in tinnitus searches since the onset of COVID-19, which did correlate clinically with an increase in tinnitus consultations at our institution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the most Popular Tinnitus Inquiries: Is Tinnitus Incidence on the Rise Since COVID-19?

et al. 2023

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“…2000 ) or due to damage to sensory organs, pathways, or brain areas ( Abbott et al. 2007 , Dotan et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Manipulating the Balance Of Priors And Sensory Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can cause spontaneous neural activity and increased proneness to nonveridical perceptual phenomena such as phosphenes ( Boroojerdi et al. 2000 ) or tinnitus ( Dotan et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Manipulating the Balance Of Priors And Sensory Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel model of divergent predictive perception

Reeder,

Sala,

van Leeuwen

2024

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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Predictive processing theories state that our subjective experience of reality is shaped by a balance of expectations based on previous knowledge about the world (i.e. priors) and confidence in sensory input from the environment. Divergent experiences (e.g. hallucinations and synaesthesia) are likely to occur when there is an imbalance between one’s reliance on priors and sensory input. In a novel theoretical model, inspired by both predictive processing and psychological principles, we propose that predictable divergent experiences are associated with natural or environmentally induced prior/sensory imbalances: inappropriately strong or inflexible (i.e. maladaptive) high-level priors (beliefs) combined with low sensory confidence can result in reality discrimination issues, a characteristic of psychosis; maladaptive low-level priors (sensory expectations) combined with high sensory confidence can result in atypical sensory sensitivities and persistent divergent percepts, a characteristic of synaesthesia. Crucially, we propose that whether different divergent experiences manifest with dominantly sensory (e.g. hallucinations) or nonsensory characteristics (e.g. delusions) depends on mental imagery ability, which is a spectrum from aphantasia (absent or weak imagery) to hyperphantasia (extremely vivid imagery). We theorize that imagery is critically involved in shaping the sensory richness of divergent perceptual experience. In sum, to predict a range of divergent perceptual experiences in both clinical and general populations, three factors must be accounted for: a maladaptive use of priors, individual level of confidence in sensory input, and mental imagery ability. These ideas can be expressed formally using nonparametric regression modeling. We provide evidence for our theory from previous work and deliver predictions for future research.

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“…Other studies indicated edge-of-chaos criticality (Bertschinger & Natschläger, 2004; Legenstein & Maass, 2007; Toker et al, 2022). Importantly, near-critical dynamics optimizes information processing (Shew et al, 2009; Shriki & Yellin, 2016) and deviations from critical dynamics are associated with disorders in information processing (Arviv et al, 2016; Dotan & Shriki, 2021; Fekete et al, 2018, 2021). We have previously demonstrated the phenomenon of critical slowing down (CSD) in a recurrent network model of early visual processing (Shriki & Yellin, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of proximity to criticality enhances slow activity fluctuations during free recall

Yellin

Siegel

Malach

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Categorically bounded free recall is a fundamental, yet poorly understood capability of human behavior. Thus, we are able to easily engage in spontaneous generative thought processes while constraining them within specific categorical boundaries. For example, easily and freely come up with names of famous politicians while avoiding the intrusions of names of places or movie actors. Previous research has uncovered a neuronal baseline shift mechanism by which ultra-slow spontaneous fluctuations in activity of neurons, participating in the targeted category, get amplified; thus, increasing their probability of crossing the decision bound and initiating the spontaneous event. However, it is not clear how, mechanistically, such amplification may take place in the brain. More generally, it is still unknown how the observed ultra-slow time scales of the scale-free spontaneous fluctuations spectrum emerge out of the typically fast time scales of cortical neurons. Here we show, using a model of a simple random recurrent neuronal network, with its parameters preset near the dynamical phase transition point, that such selective amplification of slow frequencies can be simulated by a small shift of the network closer to its critical point. Hence, an observed byproduct of a shift towards the dynamical phase transition point is the, so called, "critical slowing down" phenomenon. Furthermore, using simple and physiological parameter fitting, with an input consisting of stochastic white noise to the network's neurons, we precisely simulate the ultra-slow spontaneous fluctuations observed during rest and an intrinsic recall process in the human cortex. Our results illustrate how the complex spontaneous fluctuations observed in the human brain can be explained by a simple, stochastically driven, recurrent network which operates near a critical point. They also provide a ready neuronal mechanism accounting for the remarkable ability of the human brain to set categorical boundaries rapidly and flexibly through amplification of the slow frequencies of the spontaneous, resting state, fluctuations during targeted free behaviors.

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Tinnitus-like “hallucinations” elicited by sensory deprivation in an entropy maximization recurrent neural network

Cited by 9 publications

References 117 publications

Characterizing the most Popular Tinnitus Inquiries: Is Tinnitus Incidence on the Rise Since COVID-19?

Characterizing the most Popular Tinnitus Inquiries: Is Tinnitus Incidence on the Rise Since COVID-19?

A novel model of divergent predictive perception

Modulation of proximity to criticality enhances slow activity fluctuations during free recall

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