“…However, studies of the relationship between the TWC and small 5 zooplankton such as copepods are very limited, especially concerning their spatial distribution. In the TWC, zooplankton biomass varies interdecadally (Hirota and Hasegawa, 1999;Kang et al, 2002;Chiba et al, 2005), and community structure varies seasonally in accordance with water temperature, and interannually with the thickness of the TWC (Chiba and Saino, 2003); however, the advection of small zooplankton and its implication for communities have been not discussed, except for studies on tintinnid distributions in the Tsushima Strait (Kim et al, 2012). 10 Zooplankton biomass is homogeneous in the CBTWC area, along the Japanese coastline (Hirota and Hasegawa, 1999), but from two previous studies, Iguchi and Tsujimoto (1997) and Iguchi et al (1999), it can be identified heterogeneity in zooplankton community structure during spring bloom period: warm-water species (Calanus sinicus, Corycaeus affinis, and Palacalanus pavrus) are dominant in Wakasa Bay, in the western part of the Japan Sea, while cold-water species (Pseudocalanus newmani, Metridia pacifica, and Oithona atlantica) are dominant in Toyama Bay, in the east.…”