TiO₂/Ag–TiO₂ Nanohybrid Films are Cytocompatible with Primary Epithelial Cells of Human Origin: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Failure of dental implants is caused mainly by peri-implant infections resulting in loss of supporting bone. Since there is no ideal therapy of peri-implantitis, the focus of research has been shifted toward better prevention and the development of antibacterial surfaces. In our study we examined the attachment and proliferation of primary epithelial and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on Ti dental implants coated with photocatalytic nanohybrid films. Two polyacrylate resin based layers were investigated on commercially pure (CP4) Ti discs: 60 wt% TiO2/40 wt% copolymer and 60 wt% Ag-TiO2/40 wt% copolymer ([Ag] = 0,001 wt%). Surface properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. Cell responses were investigated via dimethylthiazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and visualized with fluorescence microscopy. Profilometry revealed significant changes in surface roughness of TiO2 (Ra = 1.79 μm) and Ag-TiO2 layers (Ra = 5.76 μm) compared to the polished (Ra(P) = 0.13 μm) and sandblasted, acid-etched control surfaces (Ra(SA) = 1.26 μm). MTT results demonstrated that the attachment (24 h) of epithelial cells was significantly higher on the Ag-TiO2 coated samples (OD540 = 0.079) than on the polished control surfaces (OD540 = 0.046), whereas MG-63 cells did not show any difference in attachment between the groups. After one week, epithelial cells showed slightly increased survival as compared to MG-63 cells. The results suggest that the tested coatings are cytocompatible with epithelial cells, which means that they are not only antibacterial, but they also appear to be promising candidates for implantological use.

Influence of Surface Characteristics of TiO2 Coatings on the Response of Gingival Cells: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

“…The study design varied in terms of TiO 2 coating techniques. Five of the selected studies used sol-gel derived TiO 2 coatings [ 31 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 41 ]; three used HT-induced TiO 2 coating [ 32 , 34 , 37 ]; one used the vapor deposition method [ 39 ]; one used spray coating technique [ 36 ]; and one used peroxotitanium acid solution as a chemical coating method [ 40 ].…”

“…The sterilization method was described in eight studies, five of which used autoclaves [ 31 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 41 ]. The remaining three studies used UV light [ 36 , 37 , 40 ]. Regarding the biological evaluation, two studies were performed on the tissue culture models [ 32 , 33 ], whereas the other studies were conducted on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] or epithelial cells [ 31 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Polyetheretherketone/Nano‐Ag‐TiO2 composite with mechanical properties and antibacterial activity

“…Roland Masa et al found that Ag-TiO 2modified implant samples were not toxic to human epithelial cells and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells by MTT assay. 31 Cotolan et al demonstrated that the presence of silver in Nano-Ag-TiO 2 does not damage human osteoblastoma cells and has potential applications in the biomedical field. 32 Nano-Ag-TiO 2 not only solves the shortcomings of TiO 2 antibacterial agents that need to use light to function, 33,34 but also has higher bactericidal activity than pure silver (Ag) nanoparticles, 35 and also solves the problem that silver antibacterial agents are prone to discoloration.…”

“…Nano‐Ag‐TiO 2 can slow down the release of silver ions and reduce the cytotoxicity of silver while obtaining certain antibacterial properties. Roland Masa et al found that Ag‐TiO 2 ‐modified implant samples were not toxic to human epithelial cells and MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells by MTT assay 31 . Cotolan et al demonstrated that the presence of silver in Nano‐Ag‐TiO 2 does not damage human osteoblastoma cells and has potential applications in the biomedical field 32 .…”

Influence of TiO2 on Mucosal Permeation of Aceclofenac: Analysis of Crystal Strain and Dislocation Density

“…4 Masa and his colleagues, 2018 reported that TiO 2 has a property to attach with human epithelial cells along with a good tolerability. 5 TiO 2 nanoparticles interact instantly with the buccal mucosa upon contact and show a long residence time in the oral cavity. 6 Aceclofenac is a widely used Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).…”