TiO₂-Doped Ni_0.4Cu_0.3Zn_0.3Fe₂O₄ Nanoparticles for Enhanced Structural and Magnetic Properties

Abstract

TiO2 (0–10 wt %)-doped nanocrystalline Ni0.4Cu0.3Zn0.3Fe2O4 (Ni–Cu–Zn) ferrites were synthesized using the sol–gel route of synthesis. The cubic spinel structure of the ferrites having the Fd3m space group was revealed from the analysis of Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The secondary phase of TiO2 with a space group of I41/amd was observed within the ferrites with doping, x > 3 wt %. The values of lattice parameter were enhanced with the addition of TiO2 up to 5 wt % and reduced further for the highest experimental doping of 10 wt %. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images exhibit the spherical shape of the synthesized particles with some agglomeration, while the compositional purity of prepared ferrite samples was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental mapping. The cubic spinel structure of the prepared ferrite sample was confirmed by the Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was utilized to study the optical properties of the ferrites. The value of band gap energy for the pristine sample was less than those of the doped samples, and there was a decrement in band gap energy values with an increase in TiO2 doping, which specifies the semiconducting nature of prepared ferrite samples. A magnetic study performed by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrates that the values of saturation magnetization of the ferrites decrease with the addition of TiO2 content, and all investigated ferrites show the characteristics of soft magnetic materials at room temperature. The Mössbauer study confirms the decrease in the magnetic behavior of the doped ferrites due to the nonmagnetic secondary phase of TiO2.

Nanostructured Bi3+-Modified Ferrites: Magnetically Separable and Recyclable Catalysts for Sustainable Water Resource Management through Dye Degradation and Nitrophenol Reduction

“…It can be mentioned here that the extent of voids and size of pores is more pronounced in BF-1 and BF-2. In addition to this, the micrographs of all the nanocatalysts reveal the extent of some agglomeration which may be due to magnetic interactions . In Figure S3, the EDX spectra of all the Bi 3+ -doped Ni–Cu–Cr quinary ferrite nanocatalysts are shown.…”

Impact of Co and Cu co‐doping on the Structural, Electrical, Magnetic and Solar Light Driven Photo‐Catalytic Properties of NiFe2O4Nano‐crystals for Crystal Violet Dye Removal

“…The Co and Cu dopant ions possess higher magneto-crystalline anisotropy, magnetic moments, increase in crystalline sizes when compared to the host Ni and Fe metal ions. [45,46] Actually, the Ni 2 + is replaced with Co 2 + , which yields molecules, leading to the construction of a well-porous structure, which might be used to increase active sites by providing more surface area for the catalytic material and results in a higher photo-catalytic evaluation of the asfabricated co-doped material. [49]…”

An amplified electrochemical sensor employing one-step synthesized nickel–copper–zinc ferrite/carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide nanosheets composite for sensitive analysis of omeprazole

“…37 Recently, much research has been conducted to explore the properties of Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite and develop its applications as a new nanocomposite. [38][39][40][41][42] The use of carbon nanomaterial composites such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes composites in the recent years have attracted much attention in electrode modication processes due to their suitable properties such as high surface area, conductivity and stability. Also, decrease of the required overpotential of the electrochemical reactions is one of the catalytic properties of hybrids of carbon nanomaterials.…”

“…37 Recently, much research has been conducted to explore the properties of Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite and develop its applications as a new nanocomposite. 38–42…”